Questions and Answers
What are the components of a scene size-up? (Select all that apply)
What are the components of a primary assessment? (Select all that apply)
What are the components of a secondary assessment for a medical patient? (Select all that apply)
What are the components of a secondary assessment for a trauma patient? (Select all that apply)
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What is assessed under airway/breathing during the primary assessment?
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Assess airway patency by examining for the presence/absence of ____ symptoms such as abnormal ____ ____ or injuries of the ____ and ____.
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If the airway is not patent, open the airway with a -/- maneuver for patients without suspected spinal injury and with a - maneuver if spinal injury is suspected.
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What are two additional methods for managing airway patency? (Select all that apply)
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Assess breathing by looking for adequate ____ / and feeling for ____ ____.
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If breathing rate and/or depth are insufficient, what can be provided?
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During the primary assessment, what is evaluated in circulation?
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During a rapid trauma assessment, what is assessed in the mouth?
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During a rapid trauma assessment, what is assessed in the nose?
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During a rapid trauma assessment, what is assessed in the nose and ears?
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What is assessed in the neck during a rapid trauma assessment?
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While palpating the thorax, have the patient ____ to check for ____ ____.
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Palpate ____ __ ____ of the abdomen, checking for ____, ____, and ____, while also looking for ____ ____, ____ ____, or ____.
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What is the compression-ventilation ratio without an advanced airway for adults and adolescents during CPR?
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What is the recommended compression depth for adults and adolescents during CPR?
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What does DRGERM stand for? (Select all that apply)
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The cardiovascular system can be assessed by palpating the ____ for pain and examining the neck for ____, the extremities for ____, the skin for ____, and the lungs for ____ ____ ____.
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Pedal edema is suggestive of?
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Crackles (rales) and JVD are suggestive of?
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If a patient complains of 'tearing' pain, what condition may you suspect?
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Apneic patients with a pulse should be ventilated at a rate of 1 breath every - seconds, for a total of - breaths per minute.
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The patient should be ventilated at an ____ volume to achieve ____ ____ ____.
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A suction tip should initially be inserted (with/______) suction on (e.g. finger on/off the hole).
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A tourniquet is adequately tightened when?
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With a traction splint, the first strap applied should be the?
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Study Notes
Scene Size-Up Components
- Six components: BSI/PPE, scene safety, MOI/NOI, number of patients, additional help, spinal considerations.
Primary Assessment Components
- Seven components: general impression, AVPU, chief complaint/life threats, airway/breathing, circulation, decision to transport, EMS update.
Secondary Assessment for Medical Patients
- Seven components: vitals, OPQRST, SAMPLE, general impression, interventions, reassessment, radio report.
Secondary Assessment for Trauma Patients
- Seven components: SAMPLE, rapid head-to-toe exam, vitals, injury management, interventions, reassessment, radio report.
Airway/Breathing Evaluation
- Airway/breathing assessed by airway patency and ventilatory adequacy.
Airway Patency Assessment
- Check for obstructive symptoms: abnormal breath sounds or injuries to face and neck.
Airway Opening Techniques
- Use head-tilt/chin-lift for patients without spinal injury; jaw-thrust if spinal injury suspected.
Airway Management Methods
- Additional methods: suctioning and airway adjuncts.
Breathing Assessment
- Evaluate adequate chest rise/fall and feel for air movement.
Supplemental Oxygen Delivery
- If breathing is inadequate, deliver supplemental oxygen via:
- Nasal cannula at 6 L/min
- Nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min
- Bag-valve mask at 15 L/min
Circulation Evaluation
- Assess pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition.
Rapid Trauma Assessment Components
- Check mouth for oral trauma, nose for singed hairs, leakage of blood or CSF from nose/ears, neck for JVD or tracheal deviation.
Thorax and Abdomen Assessment
- Palpate thorax while patient breaths to check for flail segments.
- Palpate all 4 quadrants of abdomen for distention, rigidity, guarding, pulsating masses, rebound tenderness, eviscerations.
CPR Compression-Ventilation Ratio
- Without an advanced airway for adults/adolescents, the ratio is 30:2.
CPR Compression Depth
- Recommended compression depth is at least 2 inches.
DRGERM Mnemonic
- Used for abdomen assessment: Distention, Rigidity, Guarding, Eviscerations, Rebound tenderness, Masses.
Cardiovascular System Assessment
- Palpate chest for pain, examine neck for JVD, extremities for edema, skin for hypoperfusion, and lungs for abnormal breath sounds.
Pedal Edema Significance
- Suggestive of congestive heart failure (CHF).
Lung Sounds and Signs of Heart Failure
- Presence of crackles (rales) and JVD indicates heart failure.
Aortic Dissection Signs
- "Tearing" pain and blood pressure difference between arms may indicate aortic dissection.
Ventilation for Apneic Patients
- Ventilation at a rate of 1 breath every 5-6 seconds (10-12 breaths per minute).
Adequate Ventilation Volume
- Achieve visible chest rise for adequate volume.
Suctioning Technique
- Insert suction tip without suction initially (finger off the hole).
Tourniquet Application
- Adequately tightened when bleeding has stopped.
Traction Splint Application
- The first strap applied should be the ischial strap.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the essential components of patient assessment in the New York State EMT-B curriculum. This quiz covers the critical elements of scene size-up, primary assessment, and secondary assessment necessary for EMT exams. Perfect for those preparing for their EMT-B practical skills assessment.
