EMT Chapter 17 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following would be the MOST compelling reason to disagree with a patient's refusal of transport after experiencing a seizure?

  • He is young and healthy
  • He has no prior history of seizures
  • He is currently not prescribed any medications (correct)
  • He is conscious and answering questions appropriately
  • A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic therapy if he or she:

  • Has high blood pressure
  • Has a history of strokes
  • Has bleeding within the brain (correct)
  • Is younger than 18
  • What does a patient with slurred speech likely experience?

    Dysarthria

    What does altered mental status indicate?

    <p>Not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the primary assessment of a semiconscious patient, what should you ensure?

    <p>A patent airway and support ventilation as needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signs are considered early indications of increased intracranial pressure?

    <p>Headache, vomiting, altered mental status, and seizures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can mimic symptoms of hypoglycemia?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:

    <p>Cerebral vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage typically complain of?

    <p>A sudden severe headache.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the left cerebral hemisphere control?

    <p>The right side of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a principal difference between a patient who has had a stroke and a patient with hypoglycemia?

    <p>Mental status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major parts of the brain?

    <p>Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When assessing arm drift of a suspected stroke patient, what should you ask the patient to do?

    <p>Close his or her eyes during the assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results when blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel?

    <p>An ischemic stroke.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you be MOST alert for when caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia?

    <p>A seizure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MOST important information to determine when obtaining medical history from the family of a suspected stroke patient?

    <p>When the patient last appeared normal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke?

    <p>Hypovolemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition would MOST likely affect the entire brain?

    <p>Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following MOST accurately describes a simple partial seizure?

    <p>A seizure that begins in one extremity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following MOST accurately describes what the patient will experience during the postictal state that follows a seizure?

    <p>Confusion and fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms would lead you to believe that a patient's headache is caused by sinus congestion?

    <p>The pain is worse when bending over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient with slurred speech has a history of TIAs and hypertension, which area of the brain is likely affected?

    <p>Left hemisphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should treatment for a patient with sudden onset of left-sided paralysis include?

    <p>Recovery position and transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do for a child experiencing a seizure after a high fever?

    <p>Transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What Glasgow Coma Scale score should be assigned if a patient opens his eyes, moans, and pulls away when you pinch his trapezius muscle?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Seizures

    • A generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure may lead to refusal of transport, especially if the patient is not on any medications.
    • Confusion and fatigue are common in the postictal state after a seizure.
    • A simple partial seizure originates in one extremity.
    • Thrombolytic therapy is contraindicated in patients with bleeding within the brain.
    • Conditions mimicking stroke symptoms include hypoglycemia, which can lead to altered mental status.
    • Sudden severe headaches are typical complaints in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
    • Mental status differentiation is crucial between stroke and hypoglycemia patients.
    • Symptoms like slurred speech indicate dysarthria.

    Brain Function and Health Risks

    • The left cerebral hemisphere governs the right side of the body.
    • Hypertension is the most significant risk factor for hemorrhagic strokes.
    • An ischemic stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked.
    • Key brain components include the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.
    • Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest can impact the entire brain.

    Patient Assessment

    • During arm drift assessment for stroke, ask the patient to close their eyes.
    • Assessing when the patient last appeared normal is essential for emergency care.
    • Symptoms that worsen when bending over may indicate sinus congestion.

    Specific Case Management

    • For a semiconscious patient, ensure airway patency and support ventilation.
    • Positioning in recovery is critical for stroke patients with stable respiratory status.
    • After finding a patient with slurred speech and a history of TIAs, the left hemisphere is likely affected.

    Pediatric Considerations

    • In the case of a seizing child with a high fever, transport to the hospital while reassuring the family is necessary.

    Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

    • A patient who opens eyes, moans, and withdraws from a painful stimulus would have a GCS score of 8.

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    Test your knowledge with these flashcards about emergency medical situations, specifically focusing on Chapter 17. Each card presents a scenario to evaluate the best course of action in emergency care. Great for EMT students preparing for assessments.

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