NYS Cosmetology Licensing Exam Review

Bacteriology and Bacteria

• Bacteriology is the study of microorganisms called bacteria.
• Bacteria, also referred to as germs or microbes, are minute, one-celled organisms of vegetable origin observable under a microscope.

Types of Bacteria

• Cocci are spherical bacteria.
• Spirilla are spiral-shaped bacteria.
• Bacilli are rod-shaped bacteria.

Pathogenic vs Non-Pathogenic Bacteria

• Pathogenic bacteria are those that cause disease.
• Non-pathogenic bacteria are harmless and do not cause disease.

Organisms and Their Roles

• Parasites feed on a living host, often causing harm.
• Saprophytes feed on dead matter, playing a role in decomposition.

Human Relations

• Human relations involve studying workplace interactions and effective communication strategies.

Cell Biology

• Flagella are long, whip-like filaments aiding in cell motility.
• Mitosis is the process of cell division where cells split in half.

Immunity Types

• Natural immunity is innate, present at birth.
• Acquired immunity develops after overcoming diseases or through vaccinations.

Infection Types

• General infections affect the whole body as the circulatory system spreads bacteria and toxins.
• Local infections are confined to specific areas, evident as pus-filled lesions.

Regulatory Organizations and Safety

• EPA stands for Environmental Protection Agency, ensuring environmental sustainability.
• MSDS refers to Material Safety Data Sheet, crucial for chemical safety.
• OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, focusing on workplace health.

Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)

• PPE is essential for safeguarding individuals from health hazards in the workplace.

Chemical Knowledge

• Sodium hydrochlorite is recognized as household bleach, commonly used for disinfection.
• QUAT stands for quaternary ammonium compound, often used for disinfection at a dilution of 1:1,000 parts.

Draping Techniques

• Draping serves as the first line of protection for clients during services.
• The single drape method is used for non-chemical services, while double draping is for chemical services.

Shampooing and Scalp Care

• Shampooing creates a lasting first impression and reflects the stylist's confidence.
• A healthy scalp requires cleanliness and stimulation.
• Always test water temperature on the wrist before use.

Hair Care Techniques

• Keep fingertips cupped over the nozzle to prevent rapid temperature changes.
• Use a cushion of fingertips when shampooing.
• Scientific brushing before shampooing removes buildup and enhances shine.
• Avoid brushing hair prior to any chemical service to prevent scalp irritation.

Treatment Purposes

• Scalp treatments help alleviate dryness and promote blood circulation.
• Conditioning treatments aim to hydrate and moisturize damaged, dry hair.

Special Considerations

• Scalp massage isn't advised for clients with uncontrolled severe hypertension.
• Avoid performing scalp massages without medical permission when in doubt.

Ergonomic Practices

• Maintain good posture to avoid muscle fatigue.
• Be aware of ergonomic practices to prevent physical strain.
• Stand with feet shoulder-width apart and shift weight frequently.
• Keeping the head level and shoulders raised is important for body mechanics.
• Bend knees when lifting to avoid back strain.

Scalp Analysis

• Conduct thorough scalp analysis checking for abrasions, scalp conditions, and pests such as lice.

pH Levels and Hair Care

• The average pH for acid-based shampoos is between 4.5-5.5 and for conditioners 5.5-6.9.
• Alkaline shampoos have a higher pH, ranging from 7.1-9.5, which can cause color to fade faster.
• Hair's natural pH is around 4.5-5.5; choosing shampoos close to this level minimizes damage.