Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common effect of cognitive impairment on oral health?
What is a common effect of cognitive impairment on oral health?
What is polypharmacy?
What is polypharmacy?
Which of the following is a nutritional intervention for cognitive impairment?
Which of the following is a nutritional intervention for cognitive impairment?
What can be an effect of polypharmacy on food consumption?
What can be an effect of polypharmacy on food consumption?
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What is a grade one of thinness in the frail elderly?
What is a grade one of thinness in the frail elderly?
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Which of the following is a nutritional risk factor for the elderly?
Which of the following is a nutritional risk factor for the elderly?
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What is a potential consequence of cognitive impairment on appetite regulation?
What is a potential consequence of cognitive impairment on appetite regulation?
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What is a key consideration when identifying nutritional risk factors in older adults?
What is a key consideration when identifying nutritional risk factors in older adults?
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Which of the following is a common effect of cognitive impairment on sensory function?
Which of the following is a common effect of cognitive impairment on sensory function?
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Which of the following is a nutritional risk factor specific to older adults?
Which of the following is a nutritional risk factor specific to older adults?
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What is the purpose of the Nutrition Screening Initiative's DETERMINE checklist?
What is the purpose of the Nutrition Screening Initiative's DETERMINE checklist?
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How do caloric requirements change with age?
How do caloric requirements change with age?
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What are 'discretionary calories'?
What are 'discretionary calories'?
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Which of the following is a dietary recommendation for older adults?
Which of the following is a dietary recommendation for older adults?
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What is a risk factor for older adults that affects their nutritional health?
What is a risk factor for older adults that affects their nutritional health?
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Which of the following is a nutrition-related issue in older adults?
Which of the following is a nutrition-related issue in older adults?
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Why do nutrient recommendations change?
Why do nutrient recommendations change?
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What factor contributes to a decrease in energy needs for older adults?
What factor contributes to a decrease in energy needs for older adults?
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What is a key recommendation for older adults in terms of energy sources?
What is a key recommendation for older adults in terms of energy sources?
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In what year were specific nutrient recommendations for those over 51 established?
In what year were specific nutrient recommendations for those over 51 established?
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What is a common consequence of age-related sensory decline in older adults?
What is a common consequence of age-related sensory decline in older adults?
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What is a nutritional risk factor for older adults?
What is a nutritional risk factor for older adults?
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What is a common challenge for older adults in terms of weight management?
What is a common challenge for older adults in terms of weight management?
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What is a key factor in appetite regulation in older adults?
What is a key factor in appetite regulation in older adults?
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Study Notes
Nutritional Risk Factors
- Identifying risk involves considering total saturated fats, fruits, vegetables, whole-grains, and caloric intake
- Comparing dietary intake to nutrient intake recommendations
- Screening a population at risk and determining how environmental factors predict nutritional health using the Nutrition Screening Initiative's DETERMINE checklist
Risk Factors for Older Adults
- Hunger, poverty, low food, and nutrient intake
- Functional disability, affecting daily tasks and independent living
- Social isolation or living alone
- Urban and rural demographic areas
- Depression, dementia, and dependency
- Poor dentition and oral health
- Diet-related acute or chronic diseases
- Polypharmacy, minority, and advanced age
Dietary Recommendations for Older Adults
- As age increases, the number of calories required decreases
- MyPlate for older adults and adaptations by groups like University of Florida and Tufts
- Discretionary calories are excess calories to enjoy once required nutrient needs are met
Nutrient Recommendations
- Nutrient recommendations change as scientists learn more about effects of foods on human functions
- Specific nutrient recommendations for those over 51 were established in 1997
- Estimating energy needs: decrease in physical activity and basal metabolic rate from early to late adulthood results in 70-100 fewer calories needed
- Nutrient recommendations for older adults:
- Energy sources: carbohydrate and fiber, protein, fats and cholesterol, and recommendations for fluid
Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease
- Effects of cognitive impairment:
- Confusion, anxiety, agitation, loss of oral muscular control
- Impairment of hunger and appetite regulation, changes in smell and taste
- Dental, chewing, and swallowing problems
- Nutritional interventions for cognitive impairment:
- Ensuring food safety, safe use of kitchen tools and equipment
- Dietary focus: nutrient-dense diet, hydration, and supplying needed energy
Polypharmacy
- Polypharmacy: multiple medication usage, with three or more constituting a risk
- Medication effects on physical, mental, and financial status
- Medication effects on food consumption: dietary restriction, interference with appetite, digestion, metabolism, and alertness
Low Body Weight/Unintentional Weight Loss
- No consensus or universal definition for underweight in the frail elderly
- Underweight: lowest percentiles, with grades of thinness:
- Grade one: BMI 17-18.49
- Grade two: BMI 16-16.99
- Grade three: BMI < 16
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Description
Assessing nutritional risks in older adults involves identifying dietary intake, environmental factors, and functional disabilities. This quiz covers risk factors, nutritional health, and screening methods.
