Podcast
Questions and Answers
One gram of protein contains ______ calories
One gram of protein contains ______ calories
4
Processed and canned foods are generally very high in ______
Processed and canned foods are generally very high in ______
sodium
Clear liquids do not include ______ juice
Clear liquids do not include ______ juice
orange
A ______ Diet is ordered to provide bulk in the stool.
A ______ Diet is ordered to provide bulk in the stool.
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A Sodium Restricted Diet is ordered to control the retention of sodium and ______
A Sodium Restricted Diet is ordered to control the retention of sodium and ______
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Meals with green leafy vegetables are high in vitamin ______
Meals with green leafy vegetables are high in vitamin ______
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The 12 amino acids the liver can synthesize are called ______ amino acids.
The 12 amino acids the liver can synthesize are called ______ amino acids.
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Vitamin B12 is found only in ______ food.
Vitamin B12 is found only in ______ food.
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After gastrectomy, the patient will have to receive vitamin ______ injections periodically.
After gastrectomy, the patient will have to receive vitamin ______ injections periodically.
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The intrinsic factor necessary for the absorption of B12 is produced in the ______.
The intrinsic factor necessary for the absorption of B12 is produced in the ______.
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Vitamin D status may be impaired for older clients because ______ is decreased in older adults.
Vitamin D status may be impaired for older clients because ______ is decreased in older adults.
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A good source of ______ for clients who do not like milk is green, leafy vegetables.
A good source of ______ for clients who do not like milk is green, leafy vegetables.
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Clients receiving MAOIs who also consume foods high in ______ may experience a hypertensive crisis.
Clients receiving MAOIs who also consume foods high in ______ may experience a hypertensive crisis.
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Risk for prostate cancer may be reduced by increasing consumption of ______, vegetables, and whole grains.
Risk for prostate cancer may be reduced by increasing consumption of ______, vegetables, and whole grains.
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If maternal dietary intake of ______ is inadequate, the mother would lose her stores of calcium.
If maternal dietary intake of ______ is inadequate, the mother would lose her stores of calcium.
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Cow’s milk is not suitable for infants under one year due to its high ______ content.
Cow’s milk is not suitable for infants under one year due to its high ______ content.
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A sign of readiness for introduction to solid foods is when the baby shows an interest in the family’s ______.
A sign of readiness for introduction to solid foods is when the baby shows an interest in the family’s ______.
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Chemotherapy can contribute to the development of ______ as a result of side effects on the GI tract.
Chemotherapy can contribute to the development of ______ as a result of side effects on the GI tract.
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For adults, a desirable total ______ level is less than 200 mg/dl.
For adults, a desirable total ______ level is less than 200 mg/dl.
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Clients with chronic renal failure are often placed on a low protein, low ______ diet.
Clients with chronic renal failure are often placed on a low protein, low ______ diet.
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The BRAT diet is used in treating Gastroenteritis because it is low-fat, low ______, and non-dairy.
The BRAT diet is used in treating Gastroenteritis because it is low-fat, low ______, and non-dairy.
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The Islamic religion excludes ______ from the diet.
The Islamic religion excludes ______ from the diet.
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Study Notes
Nutrition Study Notes
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Protein Calories: One gram of protein contains 4 calories.
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Sodium Content:
- Processed and canned foods are high in sodium.
- Fresh fruits and vegetables are low in sodium.
- Clear liquids are easily seen through (e.g., gelatin, broth, apple/cranberry juice, tea). Orange juice is not a clear liquid.
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Low Residue Diet:
- Reduces fiber intake for conditions like Crohn's disease, colon/rectal surgery, esophagitis, and diarrhea.
- Examples: clear liquids, fats, eggs, peeled white potatoes.
- Avoids milk products.
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High Fiber Diet:
- Provides bulk for stool and water to the colon, beneficial for constipation or diverticulitis.
- Examples: raw fruits/vegetables, whole grains.
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Sodium Restricted Diet:
- Necessary for kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, or hypertension to control sodium/water retention and lower blood pressure.
- Avoids canned/processed foods, table salt, and most prepared seasonings (unless low sodium).
- Canned soups are high in sodium (often ~1000mg per serving) and should be avoided.
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Vitamin K Deficiency:
- May affect blood clotting.
- Meals with green leafy vegetables (e.g., kale, spinach) are high in vitamin K, which can interact with medications like Coumadin.
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Gluten-Free Diet:
- Recommended for conditions like Celiac disease and malabsorption syndromes.
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Potassium-Rich Foods:
- Think beyond bananas! Baked potatoes, avocados, cantaloupe, tomatoes. and orange juice are also good sources.
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Cholesterol and Coronary Artery Disease:
- A cholesterol level of 200mg/dL is associated with an increased risk for coronary artery disease.
- High-cholesterol meals include those with cheese and eggs.
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Gout Diet:
- Avoid organ meats, sardines in oil, beans, and lentils (high protein).
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Kidney Stone Prevention:
- Increasing fluid intake is most impactful in reducing kidney stone formation.
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Essential and Nonessential Amino Acids:
- The liver synthesizes 12 nonessential amino acids.
- 8 essential amino acids must be obtained through diet.
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Vitamin B12:
- Found only in animal foods.
- Gastrectomy patients need periodic B12 injections.
- Intrinsic factor (produced in the stomach) is necessary for absorbing B12.
- Strict vegetarians should consume fortified breakfast cereals.
- Pernicious anemia requires lifelong B12 injections.
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Vitamin D and Elderly:
- Vitamin D status may be impaired in older adults due to decreased synthesis.
- Deficiency can manifest as osteomalacia (weakening/softening of bones).
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Calcium Sources:
- Green leafy vegetables are a good calcium source for those who do not consume milk.
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Low Calcium Diet:
- Prescribed for patients at risk of renal calculi (e.g., immobilized patients).
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Fuel Use During Starvation:
- The body initially uses carbohydrates, then fats, then proteins for energy during brief starvation periods.
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MAOIs and Tyramine:
- Clients taking MAOIs should avoid foods high in tyramine, as this combination can cause a fatal hypertensive crisis.
- Tyramine-rich foods include: avocados, figs, overripe bananas, fermented/aged meats (sausages), cheese, foods with yeast (beer, wine), MSG.
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Dehydration in Older Adults:
- Reduced thirst sensation is often a cause of dehydration in older adults.
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Bedridden/Inactive Clients:
- Provide small, high-fiber meals to prevent constipation.
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Prostate Cancer Prevention:
- Increase consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to potentially reduce prostate cancer risk.
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Pregnancy and Iron Needs:
- Iron needs increase during pregnancy due to maternal blood volume and fetal iron storage.
- Sources: spinach, beef, liver, prunes, pork, broccoli, legumes, whole grains.
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Calcium Loss During Pregnancy:
- Insufficient maternal calcium intake can lead to calcium loss from the mother's stores.
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Infant Nutrition:
- Cow's milk isn't suitable for infants under a year due to high protein content, potentially leading to dehydration.
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Solid Food Introduction: - Baby's interest in family meals is a sign they are ready for solid foods.
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Premature Babies:
- Babies born prior to 34 weeks may lack coordinated suck-swallow reflex and often need tube feeding.
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Chemotherapy and Malnutrition:
- Chemotherapy can lead to malnutrition due to GI tract effects, basal metabolism changes, nausea, and decreased food intake.
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Taste/Smell Alterations:
- Suggest eggs or cottage cheese as a replacement for meats for clients with these alterations.
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Pancreatic Cancer and Diabetes: - Surgical treatment for pancreatic cancer can result in type 1 diabetes.
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Pulmonary Disorders and Food Intake:
- Encourage rest before meals for clients with pulmonary disorders.
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Hemodialysis and Supplementation:
- Clients on hemodialysis often receive calcium, vitamin B6, and folic acid supplements.
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Nephrotic Syndrome:
- Clinical manifestations include hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia.
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Chronic Renal Failure and Nutrition:
- Clients with chronic renal failure require supplementation with water-soluble vitamins. Diet is low protein, low potassium.
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Congestive Heart Failure:
- Minimize cardiac workload and reduce edema in clients with CHF. Smaller, more frequent meals. Daily weights are key for fluid balance.
- Desirable total cholesterol level is less than 200mg/dL.
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Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance:
- Clients with type 2 diabetes who have more body fat are more resistant to insulin.
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Religious Dietary Restrictions:
- Islamic and Orthodox Jewish religions exclude pork. Observant Jewish clients follow kosher guidelines.
Different Diet Types
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High Fiber Diet: Increased fiber content (raw fruits/vegetables, whole grains). Used for constipation, hemorrhoids, and diverticulosis.
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Sodium Restricted Diet: Promotes sodium loss from the body. Used for ascites/edema, liver/kidney disease, CHF, essential hypertension, and adrenocorticoid use. Avoids processed/canned foods and most prepared seasonings.
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Bland Diet: Excludes irritating food for GI issues (ulcers, post-surgery). Small, frequent meals suggested. Avoids fried foods, meat extracts, pepper.
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Low Fat Diet: Restricted intake of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids; increased intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Gluten-Free Diet: Eliminates barley, rye, oats, and wheat. Used for Celiac disease.
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BRAT Diet: Low fat, low residue, and non-dairy, used for treating gastroenteritis (bananas, rice, apples, tea).
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Low Purine Diet: Low in protein. For managing recurrent gout. Avoids organ meats, shellfish, oily fish.
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Low Residue Diet: High in carbohydrates.
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High Residue Diet: Foods with skins, seeds, leaves (salads, fresh vegetables, grains).
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Description
Explore essential concepts in nutrition, including protein calories, sodium content, and various diets like low residue and high fiber. This quiz highlights the importance of diet in managing health conditions and offers practical examples. Test your knowledge on how these dietary factors influence overall well-being.
