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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
A cause of death related to nutrition?
A cause of death related to nutrition?
Stroke
Which nutrient contains only hydrogen and oxygen?
Which nutrient contains only hydrogen and oxygen?
Water
Healthy 2020 recommends increases in what?
Healthy 2020 recommends increases in what?
- Intake of veggies, fruits, and whole grains in the diets of children 2 and older
- The number of schools offering breakfast
- The proportion of infants who are breastfed
- All of the above (correct)
What is a good reason for choosing foods in high priority nutritional health?
What is a good reason for choosing foods in high priority nutritional health?
Responsibilities of a Dietician include?
Responsibilities of a Dietician include?
Studies of populations in which correlations between dietary habits and disease incidence may be found are referred to as?
Studies of populations in which correlations between dietary habits and disease incidence may be found are referred to as?
One of the characteristics of a nutritious diet is that it provides a number of food types in proportion to each other. This principle of diet planning is called?
One of the characteristics of a nutritious diet is that it provides a number of food types in proportion to each other. This principle of diet planning is called?
Foods that might lend protection against chronic diseases by way of the nutrients or nonnutrients they contain are known as?
Foods that might lend protection against chronic diseases by way of the nutrients or nonnutrients they contain are known as?
A food to which nutrients have been added is known as a?
A food to which nutrients have been added is known as a?
Of the six classes of nutrients, how many of them are energy-yielding?
Of the six classes of nutrients, how many of them are energy-yielding?
Which of the nutrients listed have 4 calories per gram?
Which of the nutrients listed have 4 calories per gram?
The ________ is the complete set of genetic information in the chromosomes of a cell.
The ________ is the complete set of genetic information in the chromosomes of a cell.
Which of the following is NOT considered a chronic disease?
Which of the following is NOT considered a chronic disease?
Which of the following is NOT a nutrient?
Which of the following is NOT a nutrient?
Michelle has started reading books on weight loss and fitness and has recently limited her sugary snack consumption. Michelle is in which stage of change?
Michelle has started reading books on weight loss and fitness and has recently limited her sugary snack consumption. Michelle is in which stage of change?
All of the following are clues that an Internet site is reliable EXCEPT:
All of the following are clues that an Internet site is reliable EXCEPT:
A famous actor praises a vitamin's ability to keep his skin looking younger. This would be an example of which type of quackery?
A famous actor praises a vitamin's ability to keep his skin looking younger. This would be an example of which type of quackery?
______ includes deficiencies, imbalances, and excesses of nutrients, alone or in combination.
______ includes deficiencies, imbalances, and excesses of nutrients, alone or in combination.
As a nation, Americans need to eat more of which of the following foods to meet the ideals of the Dietary Guidelines?
As a nation, Americans need to eat more of which of the following foods to meet the ideals of the Dietary Guidelines?
For a food to be a 'good source' of a nutrient it must contain ________ of the Daily Value for that nutrient per serving.
For a food to be a 'good source' of a nutrient it must contain ________ of the Daily Value for that nutrient per serving.
Where do potatoes belong in the USDA Food Pattern?
Where do potatoes belong in the USDA Food Pattern?
Which of the following DRI values addresses the issue of adequacy?
Which of the following DRI values addresses the issue of adequacy?
Food labels must state the contents of which of these nutrients expressed as a percentage of the Daily Values?
Food labels must state the contents of which of these nutrients expressed as a percentage of the Daily Values?
Which of the following nutrition terms are found on food labels?
Which of the following nutrition terms are found on food labels?
All of the following are correct concerning the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) values EXCEPT:
All of the following are correct concerning the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) values EXCEPT:
In the USDA Food Patterns, soybeans and legumes are included within which food group?
In the USDA Food Patterns, soybeans and legumes are included within which food group?
Tuppence is a 35-year-old vegetarian who has been consuming less than her RDA for zinc for years. Nonetheless, she hasn't developed any symptoms of a zinc deficiency. What is the most likely explanation for this?
Tuppence is a 35-year-old vegetarian who has been consuming less than her RDA for zinc for years. Nonetheless, she hasn't developed any symptoms of a zinc deficiency. What is the most likely explanation for this?
Structure-function claims must be approved by the FDA before being printed on a product label.
Structure-function claims must be approved by the FDA before being printed on a product label.
Which of the following people would NOT be covered by the DRI values?
Which of the following people would NOT be covered by the DRI values?
Which of the following would be considered discretionary calories?
Which of the following would be considered discretionary calories?
Which of the following statements about portion sizes is true?
Which of the following statements about portion sizes is true?
A major guideline for healthy people is to keep fat intake within the range of ________ percent of total calories.
A major guideline for healthy people is to keep fat intake within the range of ________ percent of total calories.
Which of the following equals one ounce of the grains group?
Which of the following equals one ounce of the grains group?
Which of the following does NOT equal to ½ cup from the fruits group?
Which of the following does NOT equal to ½ cup from the fruits group?
The USDA's Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommends ________ of moderate activity for good health.
The USDA's Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommends ________ of moderate activity for good health.
For a food to be labeled 'low fat,' it must have:
For a food to be labeled 'low fat,' it must have:
Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of the DRI Committee?
Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of the DRI Committee?
Which of the following is NOT required by law to be listed on a food label?
Which of the following is NOT required by law to be listed on a food label?
According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR), what percentage of total calories should come from carbohydrate?
According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR), what percentage of total calories should come from carbohydrate?
Which of the following individuals is likely to have the largest discretionary calorie allowance?
Which of the following individuals is likely to have the largest discretionary calorie allowance?
The pyloric valve:
The pyloric valve:
The esophagus:
The esophagus:
Your friend Cindy complains to you that she has been constipated lately. Which of the following suggestions would be LEAST beneficial?
Your friend Cindy complains to you that she has been constipated lately. Which of the following suggestions would be LEAST beneficial?
The average time food spends in the stomach is:
The average time food spends in the stomach is:
Which of the following is recommended for curing a hangover?
Which of the following is recommended for curing a hangover?
The chemical responsible for emulsifying fats to ready them for enzymatic digestion is:
The chemical responsible for emulsifying fats to ready them for enzymatic digestion is:
The colon's task is mostly to:
The colon's task is mostly to:
All blood leaving the digestive system is routed directly to the ________.
All blood leaving the digestive system is routed directly to the ________.
All of the following can affect the rate of alcohol clearance from the body, EXCEPT:
All of the following can affect the rate of alcohol clearance from the body, EXCEPT:
Protein digestion begins in the ________.
Protein digestion begins in the ________.
Bicarbonate is responsible for:
Bicarbonate is responsible for:
If a substance is not absorbed through the digestive tract, it will be excreted via the:
If a substance is not absorbed through the digestive tract, it will be excreted via the:
Body tissues store excess energy-containing nutrients in two forms. Which of the following is one of these forms?
Body tissues store excess energy-containing nutrients in two forms. Which of the following is one of these forms?
The normal pH of blood is between:
The normal pH of blood is between:
The majority of digestion occurs in the:
The majority of digestion occurs in the:
Within about 24 to 48 hours of eating, a healthy body digests and absorbs about ________ percent of the energy nutrients in a meal.
Within about 24 to 48 hours of eating, a healthy body digests and absorbs about ________ percent of the energy nutrients in a meal.
All of the following are long-term effects of alcohol abuse EXCEPT:
All of the following are long-term effects of alcohol abuse EXCEPT:
Chemical substances other than alcohol that account for some of the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages, such as appetite, taste, and aftereffects, are called:
Chemical substances other than alcohol that account for some of the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages, such as appetite, taste, and aftereffects, are called:
Carbohydrates, fat and protein are all what?
Carbohydrates, fat and protein are all what?
Vitamins and minerals are what?
Vitamins and minerals are what?
Measurement of heat is called?
Measurement of heat is called?
How many organic nutrients are there?
How many organic nutrients are there?
What is Nutrition?
What is Nutrition?
What does RDA stand for?
What does RDA stand for?
What does EAR stand for?
What does EAR stand for?
List the 5 basic chemical tastes.
List the 5 basic chemical tastes.
What is Peristalsis?
What is Peristalsis?
What are amylases?
What are amylases?
What are proteases?
What are proteases?
What are lipases?
What are lipases?
What is the function of the gall bladder?
What is the function of the gall bladder?
What is the function of the pancreas?
What is the function of the pancreas?
What does anabolic mean?
What does anabolic mean?
What does catabolic mean?
What does catabolic mean?
Questions and Answers
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Nutrition and Health
- Stroke is a major cause of death linked to nutrition.
- Key nutrients include water, which consists solely of hydrogen and oxygen.
- Healthy 2020 initiative promotes increased intake of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, school breakfast programs, and breastfeeding rates.
Nutritional Responsibilities and Studies
- Dieticians monitor nutrient intake, assess nutrition status, and collaborate with physicians.
- Epidemiological studies reveal correlations between dietary habits and disease incidence.
- A nutritious diet prioritizes balance among different food types.
Food Classification and Nutrient Content
- Functional foods may reduce chronic disease risk through beneficial nutrients or non-nutrients.
- Fortified foods have added nutrients, enhancing their nutritional value.
- Three of the six nutrient classes are energy-yielding.
Nutrient Metrics and Dietary Guidelines
- Carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 calories per gram.
- The genome represents the complete genetic information in a cell.
- Influenza is not classified as a chronic disease, while phytochemicals are not nutrients.
Stages of Change and Nutrition Claims
- Preparation stage involves a person beginning to change dietary habits.
- Reliable internet sources do not charge fees and are validated by evidence.
- Testimonials reflect personal experiences, often used in marketing, but lack scientific backing.
Nutrition Deficiencies and Dietary Needs
- Malnutrition encompasses any imbalances in nutrient intake.
- Americans are encouraged to consume more whole grains to align with Dietary Guidelines.
- A food labeled "good source" contains 10-19% of the Daily Value of a nutrient per serving.
Food Groups and Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)
- Potatoes are categorized as vegetables in USDA Food Patterns.
- Adequacy in intake is addressed through the Adequate Intake (AI) DRI values.
- Labels must indicate iron content expressed as a percentage of Daily Values.
General Nutrition Information
- DRI values represent recommended intake levels but are not minimum requirements for everyone.
- Soybeans and legumes fall under vegetables and protein categories in USDA classifications.
- Zinc needs can vary; some may exceed the RDA without deficiency symptoms.
Common Misconceptions and Fat Intake
- Structure-function claims do not require FDA pre-approval.
- Individuals with health issues, like recent diarrhea, may not be covered by DRI values.
- Discretionary calories include excess calories, such as those from added sugars.
Portion Sizes and Dietary Guidelines
- Portion sizes have increased; fast food burgers can be three times the size they were in 1970.
- Recommended fat intake should be between 20-35% of total calories.
- Labeling "low fat" requires 3 grams or less of fat per serving.
Nutritional Composition and Responses
- The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) suggest 45-65% of calories from carbohydrates.
- The pyloric valve regulates chyme flow into the small intestine, while the esophagus moves food to the stomach.
Digestive Processes and Absorption
- Food typically remains in the stomach for 1 to 2 hours before entering the small intestine.
- Bile is essential for emulsifying fats for digestion, and the colon reabsorbs water and minerals.
- Blood from digestion is routed directly to the liver for processing.
Alcohol and Digestion
- Alcohol affects clearance rates but is not significantly influenced by age.
- Protein digestion initiates in the stomach; bicarbonate neutralizes stomach acid in the small intestine.
- The majority of digestion occurs in the small intestine with high absorption efficiency within 24-48 hours.
Nutritional Components
- Macronutrients include carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, while vitamins and minerals are classified as micronutrients.
- Kilocalorie measures heat energy from food.
- There are four organic nutrients essential for the body.
Terminology and Digestion Enzymes
- RDA stands for Recommended Dietary Allowance; EAR denotes Estimated Average Requirement.
- Five basic tastes: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami.
- Peristalsis is the unidirectional movement of food through the digestive tract.
Digestive Enzymes
- Amylases are responsible for carbohydrate breakdown.
- Proteases assist in protein digestion, while lipases break down fats.
- The gallbladder stores bile, and the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes necessary for food processing.
Metabolic Processes
- Anabolic processes involve building up, typically during feasting, while catabolic processes focus on breaking down, common during periods of fasting.
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