Nutrition Research Terms

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Questions and Answers

What is a calorimeter?

A special instrument in which foods can be burned and the amount of heat that is released can be measured; This process demonstrates the energy (caloric) content of food

What are epidemiological studies?

Studies that examine patterns of health and disease conditions in defined populations

What does incidence refer to in the context of disease?

The rate of new (or newly diagnosed) cases of a disease within a period of time.

What are observational studies?

<p>Types of epidemiological studies that indicate relationships between nutrition habits, disease trends, and other health phenomena of large populations of humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are experimental trials?

<p>Tightly controlled experiments in which an intervention is given to determine its effects on a certain disease of health conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a conflict of interest?

<p>A situation in which a person is in a position to derive personal benefit from actions or decisions made in their official capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define bias in research.

<p>Any factor that might prejudice or influence a researcher to favor certain results</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a systematic review?

<p>A type of literature review that involves methodically following a protocol that is planned in advance to collect and analyze multiple research studies to provide high quality evidence to answer a research question</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is quackery?

<p>The promotion of an unproven remedy, like a supplement or other product or service, usually by someone unlicensed and untrained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)?

<p>A survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics and the CDC; this survey tracks the nutrient and food consumption of Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)?

<p>The world's leading medical research center and the focal point for medical research in the United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are whole foods?

<p>Foods in their natural state such as nuts, oats, and blueberries, that can also be classified as functional foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are processed foods?

<p>Includes any foods that have been purposely changed in some way prior to consumption, such as orange juice with added calcium and vitamin D, or bread enriched with folate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fortified foods?

<p>Foods in which nutrients are added that did not originally exist in the food or existed in insignificant amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

List some accessory organs of digestion

<p>salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define peristalsis.

<p>Waves of squeezing and pushing contractions that move food, chyme and feces in one direction through the length of the GI tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Calorimeter

An instrument measuring the heat released when food is burned, indicating its caloric content.

Epidemiological Studies

Studies analyzing health and disease patterns in specific populations.

Incidence

The rate of new cases of a disease within a specific timeframe.

Observational Studies

Studies showing relationships between nutrition, disease, and health in large groups.

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Experimental Trials

Experiments that test the effects of an intervention on a health condition.

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Conflict of Interest

A situation where someone benefits personally from their official actions.

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Bias

A factor that may influence a researcher to favor certain results.

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Systematic Review

A structured review analyzing multiple studies to answer a research question.

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Quackery

Promoting unproven remedies, often by untrained individuals.

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NHANES

Survey tracking nutrient and food consumption of Americans.

Signup and view all the flashcards

NIH

Leading medical research center in the United States.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Whole Foods

Foods in their natural, unprocessed state.

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Processed Foods

Foods altered from their original state before consumption.

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Fortified Foods

Foods with added nutrients that weren't originally present or were in small amounts.

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Enriched Foods

Foods with nutrients added back that were lost during processing.

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Accessory Organs of Digestion

Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder.

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Peristalsis

Waves of contractions moving food through the GI tract.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

  • Calorimeter: An instrument used to measure the energy (caloric) content of food by burning the food and measuring the heat released.

Epidemiological Studies

  • Examine patterns of health and disease conditions in defined populations.

Incidence

  • The rate of new cases of a disease within a specific period.

Observational Studies

  • Epidemiological studies that indicate relationships between nutrition habits, disease trends, and other health phenomena in large populations.

Experimental Trials

  • Controlled experiments that determine the effects of an intervention on a specific disease or health condition.

Conflict of Interest

  • Arises when a person can personally benefit from actions or decisions made in their official capacity.

Bias

  • Any factor that may prejudice or influence a researcher to favor certain results.

Systematic Review

  • A literature review that methodically collects and analyzes multiple research studies using a pre-planned protocol to answer a research question.

Quackery

  • The promotion of an unproven remedy or service, typically by an unlicensed and untrained individual.

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

  • A survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics and the CDC to track the nutrient and food consumption of Americans.

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

  • The leading medical research center in the world and the focal point for medical research in the United States.

Whole Foods

  • Foods in their natural state which can also be classified as functional foods, examples include nuts, oats, and blueberries.

Processed Foods

  • Foods purposely changed before consumption, such as orange juice with added calcium and vitamin D, or bread enriched with folate.

Fortified Foods

  • Foods with added nutrients that were not originally present or existed in insignificant amounts.

Enriched Foods

  • Foods with nutrients added back after being lost during processing, ensuring the food meets a specified standard.

Accessory Organs of Digestion

  • Organs include salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

Peristalsis

  • Waves of squeezing and pushing contractions that move food, chyme, and feces through the GI tract.

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