Podcast
Questions and Answers
How are vitamins like minerals?
How are vitamins like minerals?
Both vitamins and minerals are micronutrients, found in food, required for health, and needed in milligram or microgram amounts.
How are vitamins different from minerals?
How are vitamins different from minerals?
Vitamins are organic compounds, while minerals are inorganic elements.
What are the three most common individual elements in vitamins?
What are the three most common individual elements in vitamins?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
Do vitamins contain energy?
Do vitamins contain energy?
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Vitamins are ______ and minerals are ______.
Vitamins are ______ and minerals are ______.
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How are vitamins classified?
How are vitamins classified?
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Which vitamins are fat-soluble?
Which vitamins are fat-soluble?
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In general, how do fat-soluble vitamins differ from water-soluble vitamins?
In general, how do fat-soluble vitamins differ from water-soluble vitamins?
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Which vitamins can be made by the body?
Which vitamins can be made by the body?
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What are the forms of Vitamin A?
What are the forms of Vitamin A?
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What are the roles of vitamin A in the body?
What are the roles of vitamin A in the body?
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What are the possible consequences of not getting enough Vitamin A?
What are the possible consequences of not getting enough Vitamin A?
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What happens if an adult does not get enough iodine?
What happens if an adult does not get enough iodine?
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What can happen to children born to women who were iodine deficient during their pregnancy?
What can happen to children born to women who were iodine deficient during their pregnancy?
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What are the sources of iodine in our diet?
What are the sources of iodine in our diet?
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What does it mean to say that vitamin A (or any other compound) regulates gene expression?
What does it mean to say that vitamin A (or any other compound) regulates gene expression?
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Where do we see significant vitamin A deficiency in the world?
Where do we see significant vitamin A deficiency in the world?
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How are minerals classified?
How are minerals classified?
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What are some general functions of minerals?
What are some general functions of minerals?
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What is the unique role of iodine in health?
What is the unique role of iodine in health?
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Study Notes
Vitamins vs Minerals
- Both vitamins and minerals are essential micronutrients required for health, found in food, and needed in small amounts (milligrams/micrograms).
- Vitamins are organic compounds, while minerals are inorganic elements from the periodic table.
Common Elements in Vitamins
- The three predominant elements in vitamins are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Energy Content
- Neither vitamins nor minerals provide energy.
Organic Classification
- Vitamins are classified as organic, while minerals are considered inorganic.
Vitamin Classification
- Vitamins are categorized into two types: fat-soluble and water-soluble.
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
- The fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K.
Deficiency and Storage
- Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in body fat and the liver, making deficiencies less likely compared to water-soluble vitamins, which require more frequent replenishment.
Body-Made Vitamins
- The human body can synthesize Vitamin D, Niacin, and Vitamin K, the latter being produced by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.
Forms of Vitamin A
- Vitamin A exists in two forms: preformed vitamin A (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid) and its precursor, beta-carotene.
- Preformed vitamin A is more toxic in excess.
Roles of Vitamin A
- Vitamin A is crucial for night vision, immune function, growth, and eye health.
- The retinal version aids in night vision while the retinoic version influences immunity by engaging genes that convert undifferentiated cells into immune cells.
Vitamin A Deficiency and Toxicity
- Deficiency in Vitamin A can lead to night blindness or total permanent blindness.
- Excessive intake of preformed Vitamin A may cause liver damage.
Gene Expression Regulation
- Vitamin A regulates gene expression by activating or deactivating genes.
Global Vitamin A Deficiency
- Significant deficiencies are prevalent in regions such as South Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean.
Classification of Minerals
- Minerals are classified as major (macro-minerals) and trace elements based on their required amounts in the body.
Functions of Minerals
- Minerals play a vital role in maintaining health.
Importance of Iodine
- Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), regulating metabolism, growth, and body temperature.
- Iodine deficiency in adults can cause goiter, and children born to iodine-deficient mothers may face mental and physical impairments.
Dietary Sources of Iodine
- Iodine is abundant in oceanic sources, including fish, and can be consumed through iodized salt.
UN Initiatives
- The UN is working to reduce iodine deficiency globally, including initiatives such as fortifying salt.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of vitamins and minerals in this Module 7 flashcard quiz. Understand the similarities and differences between these vital micronutrients critical for health. Perfect for students looking to enhance their knowledge in nutrition and dietary science.
