Questions and Answers
What is the metric prefix that represents one thousandth of a unit?
milli-
How many centimeters are in an inch?
approximately 2.54
What is the approximate weight in grams of one ounce?
28
How many grams are in a kilogram?
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If a person weighs 150 pounds, what is their approximate weight in kilograms?
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What is the metric prefix that represents one hundredth of a unit?
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How many liters are in a kilogram?
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If a recipe calls for 250 milliliters of a ingredient, how many liters is that?
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What is the weight of each piece of raisin if a small raisin weighing 1 gram is cut into 1000 equal pieces?
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What is the unit of measurement used to express the amount of energy in food?
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How much energy does a gram of carbohydrate and a gram of protein each supply?
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What is the term used to describe the nutrients that the body needs in relatively large amounts?
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What is the term used to describe the nutrients that the body needs in very small amounts?
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Why is water not classified as a macronutrient?
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What is the purpose of food composition tables and nutrient analysis software?
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If a serving of food contains 10 g of carbohydrate, 2 g of protein, and 5 g of fat, how many kcal does it provide?
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What is a normal blood glucose level for a healthy fasting person?
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What is the unit of measurement used to express the amount of a substance in the blood?
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Study Notes
Metric System Basics
- The metric system is used to report length (meter), weight (gram), and volume (liter) in science.
- Common metric prefixes include:
- kilo- (k) = one thousand (1000)
- deci- (d) = one-tenth (0.1)
- centi- (c) = one-hundredth (0.01)
- milli- (m) = one-thousandth (0.001)
- micro- (μ or mc) = one-millionth (0.000001)
Converting Units
- To convert inches to centimeters, multiply by 2.54.
- To convert ounces to grams, multiply by 28.
- To convert pounds to kilograms, divide by 2.2.
Understanding Calories
- A calorie is the heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1° Celsius.
- A kilocalorie (kcal) or Calorie is the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 g of water 1° Celsius.
- A gram of carbohydrate supplies about 4 kcal, a gram of protein supplies about 4 kcal, and a gram of fat supplies about 9 kcal.
Estimating Energy Content
- To estimate the energy content of a food, multiply the weight of each macronutrient (carbohydrate, protein, and fat) by its caloric value.
- For example, a serving of food with 15 g of carbohydrate, 3 g of protein, and 7 g of fat would provide approximately 135 kcal.
Macronutrients and Micronutrients
- Macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) supply energy for cells and are needed in large amounts (grams) daily.
- Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) do not supply energy and are needed in small amounts (milligrams or micrograms) daily.
- Food composition tables and nutrient analysis software provide approximate values for each nutrient measured.
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Description
Learn to identify basic units of the metric system used in nutrition, estimate energy in a serving of food, and classify nutrients based on their composition and functions.