Questions and Answers
What is the process by which an organism takes food and utilizes it called?
Nutrition
What are materials that provide nutrition to organisms called?
Nutrients
Which group of nutrients are required in small amounts and are called micronutrients?
Vitamins and minerals
What is the mode of nutrition in which an organism prepares its own food called?
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Which organisms carry out autotrophic nutrition?
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What is the process by which autotrophs intake CO2 and H2O, converting them into carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight called?
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What is the primary site where food is made in plants?
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Which pigment is responsible for capturing sunlight in photosynthesis?
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What is the by-product of photosynthesis released through stomata?
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Which process converts light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis?
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Where does the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll occur?
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What controls the opening and closing of stomatal pores in leaves?
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Study Notes
Nutrition in Plants and Animals
- Nutrition is the process by which an organism takes food and utilizes it to supply energy and raw materials for growth and repair.
- Organisms need nutrition to perform various activities and to obtain energy.
Nutrients
- Nutrients are materials that provide nutrition to organisms.
- Macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
- Micronutrients: minerals and vitamins, required in small amounts.
Modes of Nutrition
- Autotrophic Nutrition: organisms prepare their own food.
- Heterotrophic Nutrition: organisms obtain food from other sources.
Autotrophic Nutrition
- Autotrophs: green plants and blue-green algae that prepare their own food.
- Autotrophic nutrition involves the process of photosynthesis.
- Photosynthesis: the process of converting CO2, H2O, and light energy into carbohydrates in the presence of chlorophyll.
Photosynthesis
- Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (carbohydrate) + 6O2
- Raw materials: sunlight, chlorophyll, CO2, and water.
- Site of photosynthesis: chloroplast in the leaf.
- Main events: absorption of light energy, conversion of light energy into chemical energy, splitting of water, reduction of CO2 to carbohydrates, and release of oxygen.
Stomata
- Stomata: tiny pores in the epidermis of leaf or stem for gaseous exchange and transpiration.
- Functions: exchange of gases (O2 and CO2), transpiration (loss of water vapor).
- Opening and closing of stomatal pores: controlled by the turgidity of guard cells.
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