Nutrition in Older Adults

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Questions and Answers

What are two ways adults can meet their vitamin B12 needs?

supplements and foods fortified with crystalline, free vitamin B12

What are three factors that can increase the risk of iron deficiency in older people?

chronic blood loss from ulcers, poor iron absorption, and medicine like aspirin

What are three nutrition-disease relationships in old age?

coronary heart disease, non-insulin dependent diabetes, and cataract

What are three examples of supplements commonly recommended for elderly people?

Vitamin B12 supplements, Calcium, and General multivitamin Signup and view all the answers

What are four examples of nutrient-dense foods?

Fruits like strawberries and blueberries, Whole grains like corn and wheat, Green leafy vegetables like broccoli and spinach, Oily Fish rich of omega-3 like salmon and sardines Signup and view all the answers

What are two functions of lactoferrin in mother's milk?

regulating how well iron is absorbed into the body from the intestine and binding iron to restrict bacterial growth Signup and view all the answers

What are three anti-infective components present in breast milk?

macrophages, lymphocytes, and immunoglobulins Signup and view all the answers

What are three causes of malnutrition in hospital patients?

Anorexia, Inability to eat, and Intestinal disease Signup and view all the answers

What are three indications for enteral tube feeding?

Anorexia, Swallowing disorders, and Gastric stasis Signup and view all the answers

What are three complications of enteral feeding?

Metabolic complication, Gastrointestinal symptoms, and Complication of nutrients delivery Signup and view all the answers

What are the complications of parenteral nutrition?

Nutritional and metabolic, catheter-related complications Signup and view all the answers

How can the body deal with an excess of dietary calories?

By converting excess fuel to fat and storing it in adipose tissue, burning excess fuel by extra exercise, or wasting fuel by diverting it into heat production Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fat in the body?

Fat plays a key role in hormone production, cell health, and nutrient absorption Signup and view all the answers

What are the cons of the DASH diet?

Eating too little salt can increase insulin resistance and the risk of death in people with heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of a low-protein diet in CKD?

Uremic symptoms diminish or disappear, reducing the burden of uremic toxins, and slowing the progression of renal failure Signup and view all the answers

What are the results of increased sodium in patients with CKD?

High blood pressure, excessive thirst, swelling, and congestive heart failure Signup and view all the answers

How is anorexia managed?

By serving food attractively, providing small and frequent meals, and limiting fat intake Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of gastroesophageal reflux disorder?

Abnormal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and increased intra-abdominal pressure Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of daily exercise for diabetes patients?

Improved blood glucose control, reduced cardiovascular risk factors, and contributed to weight loss and improved well-being Signup and view all the answers

What are the worst diet choices for diabetes patients?

Pork pacon, deep-fried chicken, and deep-fried tofu Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vitamin B12 and Iron Deficiency

Adults can meet their vitamin B12 needs through supplements or foods fortified with crystalline, free vitamin B12
Factors that can increase the risk of iron deficiency in older people include chronic blood loss from ulcers, poor iron absorption, and certain medications like aspirin

Nutrition-Disease Relationships in Old Age

Coronary heart disease, non-insulin dependent diabetes, and cataract are nutrition-disease relationships in old age
Vitamin B12 supplements, calcium, and general multivitamins are recommended for the elderly
Examples of nutrient-dense foods include fruits like strawberries and blueberries, whole grains like corn and wheat, green leafy vegetables like broccoli and spinach, and oily fish rich in omega-3 like salmon and sardines

Lactoferrin and Breast Milk

Lactoferrin in mother's milk helps regulate iron absorption and restricts bacterial growth
Breast milk provides a complex range of anti-infective components, including macrophages, lymphocytes, and immunoglobulins

Malnutrition and Enteral Tube Feeding

Causes of malnutrition in hospital patients include anorexia, inability to eat, and intestinal disease
Indications for enteral tube feeding include anorexia, swallowing disorders, and gastric stasis
Complications of enteral feeding include metabolic complications, gastrointestinal symptoms, and nutrient delivery complications

Parenteral Nutrition

Indications for parenteral nutrition are short-term (severe inflammatory bowel disease, patients with multi-organ failure, major surgery) and long-term (inflammatory disease, motility disorders, mesenteric infarction)
Complications of parenteral nutrition include nutritional and metabolic complications, catheter-related complications, and infection

Dealing with Excess Dietary Calories

The body can deal with excess dietary calories by converting excess fuel to fat and storing it in adipose tissue, burning excess fuel through extra exercise, or wasting fuel by diverting it into heat production

Laboratory Tests for Nutritional Status

Laboratory tests to assess nutritional status include serum proteins, CBC, iron and vitamin levels, lipid profile, and hormone levels (e.g. TSH)

Pharmacological Treatment for Obesity

Pharmacological treatment for obesity includes appetite suppressants and pancreatic lipase inhibitors

Importance of Fat

Fat plays a key role in hormone production (e.g. estrogen, progesterone, testosterone), cell health, and nutrient absorption

DASH Diet and Kidney Disease

Cons of the DASH diet (eating too little salt) include increased insulin resistance and increased risk of death in people with heart failure
Ways to manage kidney disease include controlling blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and taking prescribed medications
Risk factors for kidney disease include modifiable factors (diabetes, hypertension, frequent NSAID use) and non-modifiable factors (family history, age 60 or older)

Benefits of Low-Protein Diet in CKD

Benefits of a low-protein diet in CKD include reduced uremic symptoms, reduced burden of uremic toxins, and slowed progression of renal failure

Sodium and Kidney Disease

Increasing sodium in patients with CKD can lead to high blood pressure, excessive thirst, swelling, and congestive heart failure

Managing Patients with Anorexia and Gastroesophageal Reflex Disorder

Ways to manage patients with anorexia include serving food attractively, providing small, frequent meals, and limiting fat intake
Causes of gastroesophageal reflux disorder include abnormal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and increased intra-abdominal pressure
Ways to manage patients with gastroesophageal reflux disorder include not overeating, avoiding high-fat and spicy foods, and avoiding lying down after meals

Dumping Syndrome and the Three D's

Ways to manage patients with dumping syndrome include eating fibers, lying down after eating, and drinking liquids between meals
The three D's are diet, drugs, and daily activity

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Description

This quiz covers the importance of nutrition in older adults, including meeting vitamin B12 needs, risk factors for iron deficiency, and nutrition-disease relationships in old age. It also explores supplements suitable for elderly individuals.