Podcast
Questions and Answers
During the _______________ period, a baby's body weight doubles by 6 months, and three times by the baby's 1st birthday.
During the _______________ period, a baby's body weight doubles by 6 months, and three times by the baby's 1st birthday.
first two years
Babies who weigh less than 5 ½ lbs are considered _______________ babies.
Babies who weigh less than 5 ½ lbs are considered _______________ babies.
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
Insufficient weight and weight gain during infancy may indicate ______ to Thrive (FTT)
Insufficient weight and weight gain during infancy may indicate ______ to Thrive (FTT)
Failure
The development of _______________ skills, such as sucking, swallowing, and rooting, are essential for infant's survival.
The development of _______________ skills, such as sucking, swallowing, and rooting, are essential for infant's survival.
Signup and view all the answers
During infancy, macro and micronutrient needs are much higher due to the baby's ______ cell division
During infancy, macro and micronutrient needs are much higher due to the baby's ______ cell division
Signup and view all the answers
A baby's head decreases by 1/3 of entire body, ¼ at age 2, and 1/8 by _______________.
A baby's head decreases by 1/3 of entire body, ¼ at age 2, and 1/8 by _______________.
Signup and view all the answers
The _______________ period is the 1st four weeks of life.
The _______________ period is the 1st four weeks of life.
Signup and view all the answers
Stimulating the cheek of an infant triggers the ______ reflex
Stimulating the cheek of an infant triggers the ______ reflex
Signup and view all the answers
Pressing objects against the infant's palm stimulates the ______ grasp
Pressing objects against the infant's palm stimulates the ______ grasp
Signup and view all the answers
Rapid growth during infancy is influenced by genetics, _______________, and infant's environment.
Rapid growth during infancy is influenced by genetics, _______________, and infant's environment.
Signup and view all the answers
Excessive intake of ______ juices can contribute to Failure to Thrive (FTT)
Excessive intake of ______ juices can contribute to Failure to Thrive (FTT)
Signup and view all the answers
Average weight gain for boys during the first 3 months of infancy is approximately ______ grams per week
Average weight gain for boys during the first 3 months of infancy is approximately ______ grams per week
Signup and view all the answers
For almost all ______ 6 months or younger, breastmilk is the best source to fulfill nutritional requirements.
For almost all ______ 6 months or younger, breastmilk is the best source to fulfill nutritional requirements.
Signup and view all the answers
An ______'s Basal Metabolic Rate is 2x of an adult.
An ______'s Basal Metabolic Rate is 2x of an adult.
Signup and view all the answers
Nutritional Status prior to onset of the disease is a factor to consider when estimating requirements for ______ children.
Nutritional Status prior to onset of the disease is a factor to consider when estimating requirements for ______ children.
Signup and view all the answers
An infant may require feedings ______ to 12 times a day or more in the beginning.
An infant may require feedings ______ to 12 times a day or more in the beginning.
Signup and view all the answers
Energy needs relative to ______ are much greater in an infant than an adult.
Energy needs relative to ______ are much greater in an infant than an adult.
Signup and view all the answers
The IOM formula for energy needs takes into account the ______ in kilograms.
The IOM formula for energy needs takes into account the ______ in kilograms.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Nutrition in Infancy
- Breastmilk is the best source to fulfill nutritional requirements for infants 6 months or younger.
- Infants require frequent feedings, 8-12 times a day or more in the beginning.
Energy Needs
- Energy needs relative to size are much greater in infants than adults.
- An infant's Basal Metabolic Rate is twice that of an adult.
- IOM formula for energy needs:
- 0-3 months: (89 x Weight kg - 100) + 175 kcal/day for boys and 472-645 kcal/day for girls.
- 6-12 months: 645-844 kcal/day for boys and 593-768 kcal/day for girls.
- 12-24 months: 844-1050 kcal/day for boys and 768-997 kcal/day for girls.
Factors to Consider when Estimating Requirements for Sick Children
- Nutritional status prior to the onset of the disease.
- Whether the disorder is acute or chronic.
- Is mobility affected?
- Any impact on normal feeding, such as dysphagia or reduced appetite.
- Increased gastrointestinal losses, such as vomiting or diarrhea.
- Inability to metabolize dietary constituents.
Common Infant Reflexes and Stimuli
- Blinking reflex: stimulated by puff of air, causing infants to close their eyes.
- Babinski reflex: stimulated by stroking the sole of the foot.
- Grasping reflex: stimulated by pressing objects against the infant's palm.
- Moro reflex: stimulated by loud noise or shock, causing infants to arch their back and throw out their arms.
- Rooting reflex: stimulated by stroking the cheek, causing infants to turn their head towards the touch.
- Sucking reflex: stimulated by inserting a finger or nipple into the mouth.
- Stepping reflex: stimulated by holding the infant upright with their feet touching a surface.
- Babkin reflex: stimulated by stroking the forehead, causing infants to turn their head towards the touch.
- Plantar reflex: stimulated by touching the ball of the foot.
Failure to Thrive (FTT)
- Insufficient weight and weight gain during infancy may indicate FTT.
- FTT can occur at any life stage but typically occurs after 6 months in infancy.
- Causes of FTT include poverty, lack of food, feeding inappropriate foods, and excessive intake of fruit juices.
Average Weight Gain during Infancy
- Boys: 240g/week (0-3 months), 130g/week (3-6 months), 80g/week (6-9 months), 65g/week (9-12 months).
- Girls: 210g/week (0-3 months), 120g/week (3-6 months), 75g/week (6-9 months), 60g/week (9-12 months).
Nutritional Requirements
- Macro and micronutrient needs are higher during infancy than any other life stage.
- These needs are affected by rapid cell division (somatic development) during infancy.
- Infants are entirely dependent on their caregivers to meet these needs.
Child Development
- Refers to biological, psychological, and emotional changes from birth to adolescence.
- Divided into three stages: early childhood (0-6 years), middle childhood/preadolescence (6-12 years), and adolescence (10-19 years).
Physical Development
- Refers to biological changes during certain life stages.
- Aspects that determine progress include physical and brain changes, development of reflexes, motor skills, sensations, perceptions, and learning skills, and health issues.
Physical Development during Infancy
- Rapid growth is influenced by genetics, nutrition, and environment.
- Body weight doubles by 6 months and triples by the baby's 1st birthday.
- Infants grow 10-12 inches during the first two years.
- Head size decreases by 1/3 of entire body, ¼ at age 2, and 1/8 by adulthood.
- Neonatal period is the first four weeks of life.
- Most babies weigh between 5 ½ to 10 lbs and are between 18 and 22 inches long.
- Neonates weighing less than 5 ½ lbs are considered low birth weight (LBW) infants.
- Infants who arrive 2 weeks or more after their due date are postmature.
- Premature and postmature babies are at risk of complications such as sickness, brain damage, or death.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the physical, psychological, and emotional changes that occur during infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. It explores the biological changes, brain development, and motor skills that occur during these life stages. Test your knowledge of child development from birth to 19 years old.
