Nutrition in Breast Milk
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Nutrition in Breast Milk

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Questions and Answers

What is the ratio of Calcium to Phosphorus in breast milk?

  • 1.2 : 1
  • 1.6 : 1
  • 1.4 : 1
  • 2.2 : 1 (correct)
  • What is the main source of calcium in breast milk?

  • Maternal diet
  • Maternal bones (correct)
  • Infant's diet
  • Cow's milk
  • What is the main difference between foremilk and hindmilk?

  • Hindmilk has more protein and foremilk has more fat
  • Foremilk is thicker and hindmilk is watery
  • Foremilk has more protein and hindmilk has more fat (correct)
  • Hindmilk is produced earlier in lactation
  • What is the primary function of colostrum?

    <p>To afford immunity to the infant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended increase in energy intake for a lactating mother in the first six months?

    <p>330KCal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended increase in protein intake for a lactating mother in the first four months?

    <p>11g/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of lipids in breastmilk is palmitic acid?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between casein protein dominant milk and whey protein dominant milk?

    <p>Protein composition, with casein being 80:20 whey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main fatty acid in the SN-2 position on the glycerol backbone in breastmilk?

    <p>Palmitic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding lactose to formula milk?

    <p>To provide carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of whey protein dominant milk over casein protein dominant milk?

    <p>It is more similar to human milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the new legislation introduced in February 2020 regarding LC-PUFAs in formula milk?

    <p>Mandatory inclusion of DHA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary position of palmitate, a saturated fat, in cows milk and formula milk?

    <p>SN-1 and SN-3 positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is iron content increased in formula milk?

    <p>To compensate for poorer bioavailability from formula milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of vitamin D in infant nutrition?

    <p>Ensuring adequate dietary supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommendation for Soya Infant Formula usage?

    <p>Can be used from birth with clinical supervision only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of infants with intolerance to cow's milk are also intolerant to soya?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was a study conducted that suggested consistent iron content reduces failure-to-thrive children in low-income areas?

    <p>2016</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Umbilical Cord Cutting and Breast Milk Composition

    • Umbilical cord cutting should wait 2 minutes plus after birth (Chaparro, 2011)
    • Calcium to Phosphorus ratio in breast milk is 2.2:1, compared to 1.4:1 in cow's milk
    • Calcium content in breast milk is not affected by maternal intake during lactation

    Nutritional Composition of Breast Milk

    • Breast milk composition changes during lactation: colostrum, transitional, and mature milk
    • Frequent suckling stimulates milk production (supply/demand)
    • Foremilk is watery, high in protein, milk sugar, vitamins, and minerals, while hindmilk is thicker, whiter, and higher in fat

    Colostrum

    • Colostrum is unique and cannot be replicated in formula milk
    • It provides infant immunity against some bacteria and viruses
    • It is produced from birth for 2-4 days and has a yellowish color
    • Colostrum is lower in fat, higher in protein (up to x9), and richer in minerals (Zn) and vitamins (A, D, B12) than mature milk

    Nutrient Requirements for Mothers

    • Maternal adipose tissue and stores help meet nutrient requirements
    • Adequate fluid intake is essential
    • Increased energy requirement: 330KCal in the first six months of lactation
    • Protein requirement increases by 11g/day in the first four months

    Formula Milk Composition

    • Two categories of formula milk: casein protein dominant and whey protein dominant
    • Whey protein dominant formula milk is more like human milk but more expensive
    • Nutrients added to formula milk include carbohydrates, fats, iron, and zinc

    Fats in Formula Milk

    • Fats in formula milk include palm, coconut, sunflower, and soya oil
    • Palmitic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in breast milk and formula milk
    • Palmitate in formula milk reduces calcium absorption and can cause constipation

    Iron and Zinc in Formula Milk

    • Iron content is increased in formula milk to compensate for poorer bioavailability
    • Vitamin C is added to increase iron absorption
    • Zinc levels are increased in formula milk to compensate for poorer bioavailability

    Soya Infant Formula

    • Soya infant formula is based on soy protein isolate and can be used from birth under clinical supervision
    • It is used for infants with intolerance to cow's milk and is recommended for vegan families

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    Description

    This quiz covers the nutritional composition of breast milk, including the ratio of calcium to phosphorus, and the sources of calcium in milk. It also touches on the difficulty of mimicking breast milk in formula milk and the importance of non-protein nitrogen-containing factors. Test your knowledge of breast milk nutrition!

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