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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of saliva in the digestive process?
What is the main function of saliva in the digestive process?
The large intestine is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream.
The large intestine is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream.
False
What is the name of the enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch into maltose?
What is the name of the enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch into maltose?
salivary amylase
The finger-like projections in the walls of the small intestine are called _______________.
The finger-like projections in the walls of the small intestine are called _______________.
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Match the following organs with their primary functions:
Match the following organs with their primary functions:
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What is the resulting mixture called after the stomach churns and mixes food with stomach acid?
What is the resulting mixture called after the stomach churns and mixes food with stomach acid?
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What is the method by which an organism obtains its food and nutrients?
What is the method by which an organism obtains its food and nutrients?
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The small intestine is the main site of digestion and absorption of nutrients.
The small intestine is the main site of digestion and absorption of nutrients.
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What is the function of villi in the small intestine?
What is the function of villi in the small intestine?
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The alimentary canal is a long tube-like structure starting from the ______________ to the anus.
The alimentary canal is a long tube-like structure starting from the ______________ to the anus.
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What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive system?
What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive system?
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Match the following components of the digestive system with their functions:
Match the following components of the digestive system with their functions:
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Amoeba obtains its nutrition through a process called autotrophic nutrition.
Amoeba obtains its nutrition through a process called autotrophic nutrition.
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What is the function of saliva in the digestion process?
What is the function of saliva in the digestion process?
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Study Notes
Nutrition in Animals
- Animals cannot make their own food like plants, so they rely on other sources for food and nutrients
- The method by which an organism obtains its food and nutrients is called its mode of nutrition
- There are 5 main steps in the nutrition process:
- Ingestion - taking in of food
- Digestion - breaking down complex food molecules into simpler ones
- Absorption - nutrients from the digested food are absorbed into the body
- Assimilation - absorbed nutrients are utilized by the body
- Egestion - undigested waste material is eliminated from the body
Digestive System in Humans
- The human digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and associated digestive glands
- The alimentary canal is a long tube-like structure starting from the mouth and ending at the anus
- Key parts of the digestive system include:
- Mouth - where chewing and some digestion occurs
- Esophagus - tube connecting the mouth to the stomach
- Stomach - stores and partially digests food
- Small intestine - main site of digestion and absorption of nutrients
- Large intestine - completes the digestion process and eliminates waste
Digestion Process
- Digestion begins in the mouth with chewing and action of saliva
- In the stomach, gastric juices help further break down food
- In the small intestine, digestive enzymes from the pancreas, liver, and intestine complete the digestion process
- The small intestine has finger-like projections called villi that greatly increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients
- Undigested food then enters the large intestine, where water is absorbed and solid waste is eliminated
Nutrition in Amoeba
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Amoeba is a single-celled organism that obtains its nutrition through a process called holozoic nutrition
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Amoeba uses temporary finger-like projections called pseudopodia to engulf and capture food particles
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The food is then enclosed in a food vacuole where digestion occurs using digestive enzymes
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The digested nutrients are then absorbed and assimilated by the Amoeba's body
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The undigested waste is eliminated out of the body### Digestive System
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The salivary gland is responsible for releasing saliva that breaks down food.
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The main function of saliva is to break down carbohydrates into simpler sugars.
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Saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase that breaks down starch into maltose.
Mouth and Esophagus
- Food is chewed in the mouth and mixed with saliva.
- The food-saliva mixture forms a bolus that is swallowed, passing through the esophagus into the stomach.
Stomach
- The stomach stores and mixes food with stomach acid and digestive enzymes.
- The stomach churns and mixes food with stomach acid for about an hour, breaking down proteins and fats.
- The resulting mixture is called chyme.
Small Intestine
- The partially digested food (chyme) enters the small intestine, where most of the nutrient absorption takes place.
- The walls of the small intestine are lined with finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area for absorption.
- Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the liver for processing.
Large Intestine
- The remaining waste products enter the large intestine, where water and electrolytes are absorbed.
- The large intestine is also known as the colon, and its main function is to absorb water and electrolytes.
- The remaining waste is formed into feces, which is stored in the rectum until it is eliminated from the body.
Nutrition in Animals
- Animals rely on external sources for food and nutrients because they cannot make their own food like plants
- The mode of nutrition refers to the method by which an organism obtains its food and nutrients
Digestive System in Humans
- The human digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and associated digestive glands
- The alimentary canal is a long tube-like structure starting from the mouth and ending at the anus
- Key parts of the digestive system include:
- Mouth - where food is chewed and mixed with saliva
- Esophagus - connecting the mouth to the stomach
- Stomach - storing and partially digesting food
- Small intestine - main site of digestion and absorption of nutrients
- Large intestine - completing the digestion process and eliminating waste
Digestion Process
- Digestion begins in the mouth with chewing and action of saliva that breaks down carbohydrates
- Gastric juices in the stomach further break down food
- Digestive enzymes from the pancreas, liver, and intestine complete the digestion process in the small intestine
- The small intestine has villi that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients
- Undigested food then enters the large intestine, where water is absorbed and solid waste is eliminated
Nutrition in Amoeba
- Amoeba obtains its nutrition through holozoic nutrition, using pseudopodia to engulf and capture food particles
- Food is enclosed in a food vacuole where digestion occurs using digestive enzymes
- Digested nutrients are absorbed and assimilated by the Amoeba's body
- Undigested waste is eliminated out of the body
Salivary Glands
- Salivary glands release saliva that breaks down food, particularly carbohydrates
- Saliva contains salivary amylase that breaks down starch into maltose
Mouth and Esophagus
- Food is chewed in the mouth and mixed with saliva to form a bolus
- The bolus is swallowed, passing through the esophagus into the stomach
Stomach
- The stomach stores and mixes food with stomach acid and digestive enzymes
- The stomach churns and mixes food for about an hour, breaking down proteins and fats
- The resulting mixture is called chyme
Small Intestine
- The partially digested food (chyme) enters the small intestine, where most of the nutrient absorption takes place
- The walls of the small intestine are lined with villi, increasing the surface area for absorption
- Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the liver for processing
Large Intestine
- The remaining waste products enter the large intestine, where water and electrolytes are absorbed
- The large intestine is also known as the colon, and its main function is to absorb water and electrolytes
- The remaining waste is formed into feces, which is stored in the rectum until it is eliminated from the body
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Description
Learn about the process of nutrition in animals, including ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion. Understand how animals obtain their food and nutrients.
