Nutrition In Animals
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  • Anaerobic respiration uses oxygen to produce more ATP than aerobic respiration, which does not require oxygen.
  • Aerobic respiration utilizes oxygen to produce a net gain of ATP, while anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and produces less ATP. (correct)
  • Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of carbon dioxide, while anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of carbon dioxide.
  • Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration require oxygen, but aerobic respiration yields more ATP due to the presence of the electron transport chain.

    • A plant is placed in a dark room for several days. What effect would this have on the plant's ability to perform photosynthesis?

  • Photosynthesis would continue at a reduced rate, as the plant would still be able to utilize the stored energy from previous photosynthetic reactions.
  • Photosynthesis would remain unchanged, as the plant would switch to a different energy production pathway in the absence of light.
  • Photosynthesis would cease entirely, as the plant would be unable to generate ATP without light energy. (correct)
  • Photosynthesis would increase, as the plant would focus on utilizing the available water and carbon dioxide in the absence of light.

    • A scientist is studying the transportation of water and minerals in a plant. They observe that the water and minerals are moving upward from the roots to the leaves. Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for this upward transport?

  • Epidermis
  • Phloem
  • Xylem (correct)
  • Cambium

    • In the context of nutrition, which of the following describes the process of breaking down large food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body?

    <p>Digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A parasitic organism benefits from its host. What type of heterotrophic nutrition does this organism exhibit?

    <p>Parasitic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is primarily responsible for filtering both waste and excess substances from the bloodstream in the excretory system?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in plants involves the active movement of sugars and amino acids from leaves to other parts?

    <p>Active Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of transpiration in plants?

    <p>To pull water up through the xylem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a type of excretory product that is eliminated from the body?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of phloem in plants?

    <p>It transports sugars and amino acids for growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nutrition In Animals

    • ** Modes of Nutrition **:
      • Autotrophic: Producing own food (e.g., plants)
      • Heterotrophic: Obtaining food from other sources (e.g., animals)
    • ** Types of Heterotrophic Nutrition **:
      1. Holozoic: Ingestion of solid food particles (e.g., humans, animals)
      2. Saprotrophic: Absorption of nutrients from dead and decaying matter (e.g., fungi)
      3. Parasitic: Obtaining nutrients from another living organism (e.g., tapeworms)
    • ** Components of Holozoic Nutrition **:
      • Ingestion: Taking in food
      • Digestion: Breaking down food into smaller molecules
      • Absorption: Taking in nutrients through the gut wall
      • Assimilation: Converting absorbed nutrients into energy and biomass
      • Egestion: Eliminating undigested waste

    Photosynthesis

    • Definition: Process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy
    • Reaction: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2
    • Importance: Produces oxygen, supports life on Earth, and provides energy for plants
    • Factors Affecting Photosynthesis:
      • Light intensity
      • Temperature
      • Water availability
      • CO2 concentration

    Respiration

    • Definition: Process by which cells generate energy from the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules
    • Types of Respiration:
      1. Aerobic Respiration: Occurs in presence of oxygen, yields more energy
      2. Anaerobic Respiration: Occurs in absence of oxygen, yields less energy
    • Stages of Aerobic Respiration:
      1. Glycolysis: Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate
      2. Citric Acid Cycle: Breakdown of pyruvate into ATP, NADH, and FADH2
      3. Electron Transport Chain: Generation of ATP from NADH and FADH2
    • Importance: Essential for energy production in cells

    Transportation In Plants

    • Types of Transportation:
      1. Xylem: Transport of water and minerals from roots to leaves
      2. Phloem: Transport of sugars and amino acids from leaves to rest of plant
    • Mechanisms of Transportation:
      • Transpiration Pull: Water is pulled up the xylem due to transpiration
      • Root Pressure: Water is pushed up the xylem due to root pressure
      • Active Transport: Sugars and amino acids are actively transported through phloem
    • Importance: Essential for plant growth and development

    Excretion

    • Definition: Process by which waste products are removed from the body
    • Types of Excretory Products:
      • Waste Products: Urea, urea acid, ammonia, etc.
      • Excess Substances: Salts, water, hormones, etc.
    • Excretory Organs:
      • Kidneys: Filter waste and excess substances from blood
      • Liver: Detoxifies and breaks down toxins
      • Skin: Removes waste through sweating
      • Lungs: Removes CO2 through exhalation
    • Importance: Essential for maintaining homeostasis and overall health

    Nutrition In Animals

    • There are two modes of nutrition: autotrophic (producing own food) and heterotrophic (obtaining food from other sources).
    • Heterotrophic nutrition has three types: holozoic (ingesting solid food particles), saprotrophic (absorbing nutrients from dead matter), and parasitic (obtaining nutrients from another living organism).

    Holozoic Nutrition

    • Ingestion involves taking in food.
    • Digestion breaks down food into smaller molecules.
    • Absorption involves taking in nutrients through the gut wall.
    • Assimilation converts absorbed nutrients into energy and biomass.
    • Egestion eliminates undigested waste.

    Photosynthesis

    • Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy.
    • The reaction produces glucose and oxygen from CO2, H2O, and light energy.
    • Photosynthesis is important because it produces oxygen, supports life on Earth, and provides energy for plants.
    • Factors affecting photosynthesis include light intensity, temperature, water availability, and CO2 concentration.

    Respiration

    • Respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules.
    • There are two types of respiration: aerobic (occurring in the presence of oxygen) and anaerobic (occurring in the absence of oxygen).
    • Aerobic respiration has three stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.
    • Respiration is essential for energy production in cells.

    Transportation In Plants

    • There are two types of transportation in plants: xylem (transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves) and phloem (transporting sugars and amino acids from leaves to the rest of the plant).
    • Mechanisms of transportation include transpiration pull, root pressure, and active transport.
    • Transportation is essential for plant growth and development.

    Excretion

    • Excretion is the process by which waste products are removed from the body.
    • Excretory products include waste products (e.g., urea, urea acid, ammonia) and excess substances (e.g., salts, water, hormones).
    • Excretory organs include the kidneys, liver, skin, and lungs.
    • Excretion is essential for maintaining homeostasis and overall health.

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    Description

    Learn about the modes and types of nutrition in animals, including autotrophic, heterotrophic, holozoic, saprotrophic, and parasitic nutrition.

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