Nutrition for the Elderly
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Questions and Answers

What is a predisposing factor for anorexia in the elderly?

  • Psychological disturbance (correct)
  • Impaired digestion
  • Chronic disease
  • Loss of teeth

    • What happens to basal metabolic rate with aging?

  • It remains the same
  • It increases by 50%
  • It increases by 20%
  • It decreases by 15-20% (correct)

    • What percentage of energy should come from protein for the elderly?

  • 30%
  • 50% (correct)
  • 40%
  • 60%

    • Why do old people consume less protein?

    <p>Due to decrease appetite and poor digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can enhance insulin sensitivity in the elderly?

    <p>Balance energy intake, weight management, and regular physical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of inadequate protein intake in the elderly?

    <p>Edema, anemia, and low resistance to infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the physical discomforts experienced by the elderly that affects their nutrition?

    <p>Loss of teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following changes associated with aging can affect nutritional status?

    <p>Change in body composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the socio-psychological changes that can affect nutrition in the elderly?

    <p>Loneliness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the age-related changes that can affect oral health?

    <p>Loss of teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a physiological change that can influence the nutritional status of the elderly?

    <p>Diminished sense of taste and smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the nutrition-related problems among the elderly?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of calcium to compensate for age-related bone loss?

    <p>800 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can reduce iron absorption in older adults?

    <p>Vitamin C deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin C to be protective against cataract?

    <p>150-250 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature associated with zinc deficiency in older adults?

    <p>Anorexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do elderly individuals need more calcium supplements?

    <p>Due to decreased calcium absorption efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of taking dietary supplements with calcium and vitamin D?

    <p>Improving bone density and preventing fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nutrition for the Elderly

    • Emphasis should be placed on reducing the intake of saturated fat and choosing monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat sources.
    • Sufficient intake of omega-3 fatty acids helps in visual acuity, hair loss, tissue inflammation, and improper digestion.

    Minerals

    • Calcium: 800 mg/day is required to compensate for age-related bone loss, improve calcium balance, and decrease the prevalence of fractures.
    • Calcium absorption efficiency decreases with age, and vitamin D levels also decrease, making supplements necessary.
    • Iron: 30 mg/day is required, as deficiency is common in the elderly due to inadequate iron intake, blood loss, or reduced non-hem iron absorption.
    • Vitamin C deficiency can also reduce iron absorption.
    • Zinc: delayed wound healing, decreased taste sensitivity, and anorexia are associated with zinc deficiency, although healthy elderly individuals do not typically show zinc deficiency.

    Vitamins

    • Vitamin D: elderly individuals are at risk of deficiency due to decreased exposure to sunlight or decreased renal mass.
    • Vitamin D supplements with calcium improve bone density and prevent fractures.
    • People with Parkinson's disease have low vitamin D levels.
    • Vitamin C: stress, smoking, and medication can increase vitamin C requirements.
    • Antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin E, carotinoids, and vitamin C enhance health in elderly individuals.
    • Vitamin C may be protective against cataract at an intake level of 150-250 mg/day.

    Geriatrics and Gerontology

    • Geriatrics: the branch of medicine dealing with health problems of the elderly, aiming to delay the onset of severely degenerating aspects of aging and treat diseases of the elderly.
    • Gerontology: the broad area of science concerned with all psychological, social, economic, physiological, and medical problems of the elderly.

    Aging and Nutrition

    • Old age is defined as 60 years and above, and nutrition for old age is known as Geriatric Nutrition.
    • Aging brings physiological, psychological, and immunological changes that influence nutritional status.
    • Physiological changes associated with aging include:
      • Loss of teeth
      • Decreased neuromuscular coordination
      • Impaired hearing and poor vision
      • Diminished sense of taste and smell
      • Anorexia
      • Physical discomfort
      • Change in body composition
      • Change in gastrointestinal tract
      • Change in cardiovascular system
      • Change in respiratory function
      • Change in renal function
      • Change in skeletal tissue
    • Socio-psychological changes associated with aging include:
      • Food habits
      • Economic aspects
      • Loneliness
      • Lack of nutritional knowledge
      • Depression
      • Anxiety
      • Loss of self-esteem
      • Loss of independence
    • Obesity
    • Undernutrition and malnutrition
    • Osteoporosis
    • Cardiovascular diseases
    • Diabetes
    • Cancer
    • Malnutrition is one of the main health problems of the elderly, with predisposing factors including:
      • Impaired physiological functioning with aging
      • Loss of teeth
      • Chronic disease
      • Psychological disturbance

    Nutrient Requirements for the Elderly

    • Energy: energy requirement reduces with age, with basal metabolic rate decreasing (15-20%) due to reduced muscle mass and increased fatty tissue.
    • Protein: decreased skeletal tissue mass, and decreased protein stores are inadequate to meet protein synthesis needs, with a recommended intake of 1.0 gm/kg.
    • Carbohydrates: requirement reduces, with impaired glucose tolerance leading to hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and type II diabetes mellitus.
    • Lipids: high intake of dietary total fat may contribute to dementia and cardiovascular disease.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the nutritional requirements for elderly individuals, including energy, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. It also discusses predisposing factors that affect nutrition in old age.

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