Nutrition Final Exam Flashcards

What is type 1 diabetes?

A blood alcohol level of _____ is defined as legal intoxication in the U.S. and Canada.

The highest concentration of ethanol is found in ________.

Compared to men, women absorb approximately 30-35% more unaltered alcohol from the stomach into the bloodstream.

The main organ responsible for ethanol metabolism is the ________.

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is the thiamin deficiency disease that results from severe alcohol abuse.

If Cory's 8-ounce margarita contains 20 grams of alcohol, how many kcals come from that amount of alcohol?

Excessive alcohol intake can lead to deficiencies of niacin, thiamin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and folate.

Alcohol absorption occurs in the ________.

The Krebs (citric acid) cycle and fatty acid oxidation take place in the cytosol of the cell.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) ________.

The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is irreversible.

A kilocalorie measures the amount of heat energy.

People in the United States today are more at risk for overnutrition than undernutrition.

In the U.S., dietary supplements are rigorously regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.

Water-soluble vitamins are excreted more readily than fat-soluble vitamins.

The study of the distribution of disease in human populations is ________.

Supplement manufacturers must prove the supplement is safe before they can sell it in the U.S.

The science of food; the nutrients and substances therein; and their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease is a definition of ________.

In North America, food choices are guided mainly by ________.

Phytochemicals are _____________.

The major form of lipid in foods is a(n) ______.

Which element is found in protein, but not in carbohydrates?

Which of the following is a dependable source for up-to-date, accurate nutrition information?

Energy-yielding nutrients include ________.

Which of the following are sources of carbohydrates?

Proteins can be described as ________.

The following meal is nutrient-dense: medium apple, fat-free milk, turkey sandwich on whole-wheat bread, carrot slices.

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) is a range of macronutrient intake associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases while providing for recommended intake of essential nutrients.

Which Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) reflects average daily needs?

A food label ingredient list reads in the following order: wheat flour, vegetable shortening, sugar, salt, and cornstarch. What item would be found in the smallest amount in this food?

Which is true about the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?

If a can of soup provides 4 servings and has 100 kcal per serving, how many kcal are in the entire can?

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs) are ________.

To be defined as a 'good' source of a nutrient, a food must contain at least 20% of the Daily Value for that nutrient in 1 serving of the food.

When vitamins and/or minerals are added to a food product in amounts in excess of at least 10% above that originally present in the product, the food is designated as ________.

Jamie, a vegetarian, is trying to plan a healthy diet according to the USDA Food Patterns. Which protein foods would be the best nutrient choices for one day?

Factors that affect the amount of nutrients in foods include ________.

Which bread has the highest fiber content?

Which Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is set high enough to meet the needs of 97 to 98% of the population?

Which food group is typically consumed in amounts greater than recommended by the USDA?

If a person consumed 35% of a diet providing 2500 kcal from protein, approximately how many grams of protein would be ingested?

Match the term with its definition.

Food insecurity is ________.

Perishable foods should be held either below ___ degrees F or above ___ degrees F to keep them out of the temperature danger zone.

The U.S. government assistance program that provides vouchers for food purchases to low-income pregnant women, infants, and children is ________.

Bottled water is generally safer than tap water in the U.S.

Fish most likely to contain methylmercury are ________.

Compared to conventionally grown fruits and vegetables, those grown with organic farming methods contain significantly higher amounts of vitamins and minerals.

Populations disproportionately affected by food insecurity, hunger, and malnutrition include ________.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits ________.

In the U.S., the _________ mandates that public water supplies be monitored regularly for microorganisms, chemicals, and various metals.

Most of the digestive processes occur in the ________.

A sensible idea for preventing constipation is to include more whole grain breads, beans, and apples in the diet.

Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) from the pancreas ________.

Bile is formed in the ___________ and stored in the ___________.

Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into the cardiovascular system.

Human digestion of food begins in the _______, where the enzyme _____ breaks down a small amount of starch.

Most of the water in the gastrointestinal tract is absorbed in the small intestine.

At the beginning of a meal, the hormone _______ is secreted from the stomach; this hormone controls the release of _______.

Much of the digestion that occurs in the large intestine is caused by ________.

A coordinated muscular contraction that propels food along the GI tract is called ________.

Gluten is best described as a carbohydrate found in wheat and related grains.

Actions of hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach include ________.

Low blood glucose is called ____________, whereas high blood glucose is called ____________.

The storage form of carbohydrates in plants is ________.

Once absorbed, the majority of glucose is transported to ________.

Indigestible carbohydrates play a role in promoting bowel health and preventing obesity.

The Adequate Intake for dietary fiber is set at 14 g/1000 kcal.

If a food contains 148 kcals from carbohydrate, how many grams of carbohydrate is this?

Which condition is NOT usually associated with type 2 diabetes?

Three important disaccharides are ________.

The human brain and other nerve tissues use mostly _________________ as fuel.

Match each type of carbohydrate with its description.

Cory has been told to reduce his fat intake to less than 30% of his total calories. It has been recommended to him that he consume an average of 2000 kcals per day. How many grams of fat should he consume per day?

The functions of fat include all of the following except ________.

The 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that total fat intake should not exceed __________ of total calories and saturated fat intake be limited to _______ of total calories.

In the Mediterranean Diet, the majority of fat in the diet is supplied by ________.

Lipoproteins are important for ________.

Lipoproteins are important for the synthesis of triglycerides.

The chief contributors of saturated fatty acids in the U.S. diet include ________.

Americans eat more omega-3 fatty acids than omega-6 fatty acids.

Lipids with high saturated fatty acid content are ____________ at room temperature.

Which of the following lipids is a precursor for estrogen and bile?

Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are classified as _________ fatty acids.

The functions of protein include ________.

The body needs 18 different amino acids to function properly.

The RDA for protein for most healthy adults is ________.

Legumes are an excellent source of vegetable protein.

Cory's dietary intake provides 90 grams of protein. His total energy intake is 2000 kcals. Approximately what percentage of his energy comes from protein?

Individuals who are attempting to build up their muscles need 3 times as much protein as those who are not building muscles.

The presence of ___________ chemically distinguishes protein from carbohydrate and fat.

Nonessential amino acids can be synthesized through a process called transamination.

Cooking an egg destroys its physiological property by ________.

The recommended amount of protein as a percentage of total energy intake is ________.

What would be the recommended amount of protein for a 121-pound female?

The biological value of a food protein is a measure of ________.

Moderate drinking is most accurately defined as up to 2 drinks per day for women and 3 drinks per day for men.

Binge drinking for a male is defined as having _______ or more drinks on a single occasion.

The alcohol content of an 80-proof tequila is _______.