Enteral Nutrition and Parenteral Nutrition Quizzes

12 Questions

What is a contraindication for nasogastric tube placement?

Nasal or sinus surgery

What is a late complication of gastrostomy?

Tube occlusion or clogging

What is a type of jejunostomy tube?

Roux-en-Y jejunostomy

What is a component of total parenteral nutrition (TPN)?

Amino acids and carbohydrates

What is a characteristic of peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN)?

Lower osmolality and calorie content

What is a complication of total parenteral nutrition (TPN)?

Electrolyte imbalance and metabolic complications

Which of the following is NOT a technique for placing a nasogastric tube?

Insertion through the mouth

What is a common early complication of gastrostomy?

Stomal infection or skin irritation

Which of the following is an advantage of jejunostomy feeding?

Improved patient comfort

What is a necessary component of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) administration?

Central venous access (CVC)

How does Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) differ from Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition (PPN)?

TPN has larger volumes and higher osmolarity

What is a key difference in the administration of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) and Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition (PPN)?

TPN is administered through a central line, while PPN is administered through a peripheral IV

Study Notes

Enteral Nutrition

Nasogastric Tube Placement

Indications: Short-term nutrition support, medication administration, and gastric decompression
Contraindications: Nasal or sinus surgery, basal skull fracture, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
Procedure:
1. Select appropriate tube size and material
2. Measure and mark the tube for insertion
3. Insert the tube through the nose and advance into the stomach
4. Verify tube placement using pH paper, chest X-ray, or auscultation
Complications:
- Nasal trauma, epistaxis, and sinusitis
- Tube displacement or obstruction
- Aspiration and pneumonia

Gastrostomy Complications

Early complications:
- Bleeding, infection, and peritonitis
- Tube displacement or migration
- Stomal complications (e.g., stenosis, granulation tissue)
Late complications:
- Tube occlusion or clogging
- Gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation
- Metabolic complications (e.g., electrolyte imbalance, dehydration)
Prevention and management:
- Proper tube placement and care
- Regular tube maintenance and flushing
- Monitoring for signs and symptoms of complications

Jejunostomy Feeding Techniques

Indications: Patients with high risk of aspiration, gastric dysmotility, or gastric surgery
Types of jejunostomy tubes:
- Roux-en-Y jejunostomy
- Needle catheter jejunostomy
Feeding techniques:
- Bolus feeding: rapid infusion of formula
- Continuous feeding: slow, steady infusion of formula
- Cyclic feeding: alternating periods of feeding and rest
Complications:
- Tube displacement or obstruction
- Intestinal ischemia or perforation
- Electrolyte imbalance and dehydration

TPN Administration Guidelines

Indications: Patients with non-functional or inaccessible GI tract, or those requiring prolonged nutrition support
Components:
- Dextrose (carbohydrates)
- Amino acids (protein)
- Lipids (fats)
- Electrolytes, vitamins, and minerals
Administration:
- Central venous access (e.g., PICC, central line)
- Filtered and monitored infusion
- Regular monitoring of laboratory values and patient status
Complications:
- Catheter-related infections and sepsis
- Electrolyte imbalance and metabolic complications
- Liver dysfunction and cholestasis

PPN vs TPN Comparison

PPN (Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition):
- Administered through peripheral vein
- Lower osmolality and calorie content
- Short-term use (e.g., 1-2 weeks)
- Fewer complications compared to TPN
TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition):
- Administered through central venous access
- Higher osmolality and calorie content
- Long-term use (e.g., weeks to months)
- More complications compared to PPN
Key differences:
- Venous access and administration
- Nutrient content and osmolality
- Duration of use and complications