Enteral Nutrition and Parenteral Nutrition Quizzes

Study Notes

Indications: Short-term nutrition support, medication administration, and gastric decompression
Contraindications: Nasal or sinus surgery, basal skull fracture, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
Procedure:
1. Select appropriate tube size and material
2. Measure and mark the tube for insertion
3. Insert the tube through the nose and advance into the stomach
4. Verify tube placement using pH paper, chest X-ray, or auscultation
Complications:
- Nasal trauma, epistaxis, and sinusitis
- Tube displacement or obstruction
- Aspiration and pneumonia

Early complications:
- Bleeding, infection, and peritonitis
- Tube displacement or migration
- Stomal complications (e.g., stenosis, granulation tissue)
Late complications:
- Tube occlusion or clogging
- Gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation
- Metabolic complications (e.g., electrolyte imbalance, dehydration)
Prevention and management:
- Proper tube placement and care
- Regular tube maintenance and flushing
- Monitoring for signs and symptoms of complications

Indications: Patients with high risk of aspiration, gastric dysmotility, or gastric surgery
Types of jejunostomy tubes:
- Roux-en-Y jejunostomy
- Needle catheter jejunostomy
Feeding techniques:
- Bolus feeding: rapid infusion of formula
- Continuous feeding: slow, steady infusion of formula
- Cyclic feeding: alternating periods of feeding and rest
Complications:
- Tube displacement or obstruction
- Intestinal ischemia or perforation
- Electrolyte imbalance and dehydration

Indications: Patients with non-functional or inaccessible GI tract, or those requiring prolonged nutrition support
Components:
- Dextrose (carbohydrates)
- Amino acids (protein)
- Lipids (fats)
- Electrolytes, vitamins, and minerals
Administration:
- Central venous access (e.g., PICC, central line)
- Filtered and monitored infusion
- Regular monitoring of laboratory values and patient status
Complications:
- Catheter-related infections and sepsis
- Electrolyte imbalance and metabolic complications
- Liver dysfunction and cholestasis

PPN (Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition):
- Administered through peripheral vein
- Lower osmolality and calorie content
- Short-term use (e.g., 1-2 weeks)
- Fewer complications compared to TPN
TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition):
- Administered through central venous access
- Higher osmolality and calorie content
- Long-term use (e.g., weeks to months)
- More complications compared to PPN
Key differences:
- Venous access and administration
- Nutrient content and osmolality
- Duration of use and complications