Questions and Answers
The nutrient that serves in the regulation and maintenance of the human body by aiding in fluid balance, cell synthesis, and repair, and visual processes is?
protein
What is the term used for the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
A(n) ________ ________ is composed of 4 elements: a nitrogen, an acid, a hydrogen, and a side group.
amino acid
There are 4 groups that make up each amino acid. They are the hydrogen group, the acid group, the amino group, and the ______ group.
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Amino acids that are dispensable?
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Proteins serve which of the following functions? (Select all that apply)
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Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?
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Amino acids are the basic elements used in the synthesis of ______.
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An essential amino acid?
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All of the following are components that make up an amino acid except?
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An amino acid without an amino group is called a?
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Which of the following describe the components of an amino acid? (Select all that apply)
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The amino group from an amino acid is excreted in the?
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Nonessential amino acids are also called?
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Meat, poultry, fish, and eggs are a good source of all 9 _________, or indispensable, amino acids.
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A(n) _______ amino acid, sometimes called dispensable, is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts.
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The body links amino acids with peptide bonds in order to form?
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A(n) _________ amino acid, also called indispensable, cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts and must be included in the diet.
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_______ is a double-stranded molecule in a helical form.
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A carbon skeleton is an amino acid without the _____ ______.
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The amino group is in what form in the urine?
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Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the _____ code.
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Proteins from ______ are considered to be a good source of all 9 essential amino acids.
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Identify the different levels of protein organization. (Check all that apply)
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The bond that links amino acids together to form a protein is called a(an) ____ bond.
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What can cause denaturation? (Check all that apply)
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Study Notes
Protein and Amino Acids
- Proteins play a crucial role in regulating and maintaining body functions, aiding in cell synthesis, and supporting enzyme and hormone production.
- Amino acids serve as the building blocks of proteins, composed of four key elements: nitrogen, acid, hydrogen, and a side group (R group).
- Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body in sufficient amounts and must be obtained through diet, while nonessential (dispensable) amino acids can be synthesized by the body.
Amino Acid Structure and Types
- Each amino acid consists of a hydrogen group, an acid group, an amino group, and an R group.
- Nonessential amino acids are termed dispensable, meaning they can be made from other amino acids.
- A carbon skeleton refers to an amino acid lacking an amino group.
Sources and Functions of Amino Acids
- Animal-based foods like meat, poultry, fish, and eggs are excellent sources of all nine essential (indispensable) amino acids.
- The body links amino acids using peptide bonds to form proteins.
DNA and Protein Synthesis
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double-stranded helical molecule that contains genetic information, influencing the production of mRNA and polypeptide chains.
- Errors in the DNA code can lead to incorrect mRNA production and defective polypeptide chains.
Protein Organization and Structure
- Protein structure is organized at multiple levels:
- Primary Structure: The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
- Secondary Structure: Formation of spirals or pleated sheets through weaker bonds between amino acids.
- Tertiary Structure: The unique three-dimensional shape resulting from amino acid folding.
- Quaternary Structure: The interaction of two or more polypeptides to form a larger protein.
Enzymes and Denaturation
- Factors like agitation, exposure to acid or alkaline solutions, heat, and enzymes can cause protein denaturation, altering their structure and function.
- The amino group is excreted as urea in urine after being converted from ammonia in the liver.
Key Definitions
- Peptide Bond: The chemical bond that joins amino acids together in a protein.
- Dispensable Amino Acids: Also known as nonessential amino acids, these can be synthesized by the body and are not strictly required in the diet.
- Indispensable Amino Acids: Essential amino acids that must be included in the diet to prevent deficiency.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential nutrition terms and concepts from Chapter 7. This quiz covers key nutrients, their functions, and the foundational components of proteins. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of dietary principles!
