Questions and Answers
What is protein?
What are amino acids?
The most important part of the protein feedstuffs.
What is excretion in the context of the livestock industry?
Protein feed is classified as having greater than __% crude protein.
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What are plant protein feedstuffs?
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What is oilseed meal?
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What is soybean meal known for?
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What is canola meal derived from?
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What is blood meal made from?
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What defines single cell protein?
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Non-protein nitrogen feeds are suitable for monogastric animals.
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What is crystalline amino acids?
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Study Notes
Protein and Amino Acids
- Proteins are essential nutrients made up of chains of amino acids necessary for animal diets.
- Amino acids are crucial for maximizing economic returns and optimizing animal performance, vital for achieving ideal protein levels.
Environmental Impact and Protein Feed Types
- Incorrect amino acid levels in livestock diets significantly contribute to environmental issues.
- Protein feeds have a crude protein (CP) content greater than 20%.
Plant Protein Sources
- Plant protein feedstuffs include oilseed meals and grain legumes, with varying protein levels.
- Oilseed meal contains about 20% CP, with 20-40% fat and may have high fiber and anti-nutritional factors.
- Soybean meal is rich in CP (40%) and has a balanced amino acid profile but also contains anti-nutritional components and is low in methionine.
- Tofu scrap is a high-moisture, nutritious Hawaiian protein feed with limited shelf life.
- Canola meal, derived from rapeseed, has a similar amino acid pattern to soybean meal but lower energy, with glucosinolates as an anti-nutritional factor.
- Peanut meal has a CP content comparable to soybean meal but is low in essential amino acids and can produce aflatoxins.
Animal Protein Sources
- Animal protein feedstuffs derive from various sources, including mammalian, marine, and poultry products, offering a more suitable amino acid profile for animals.
- Meat and bone meal, made from animal parts, is high in calcium and phosphorus but requires intensive cooking.
- Blood meal, composed of animal fluids, boasts a high CP content (~85%) along with significant lysine and valine.
- Plasma meal contains immunoglobulins beneficial for young livestock, with a CP content around 78%.
- Fish meal, rich in B vitamins and minerals, offers 50-70% CP but can be costly and impart a "fishy" flavor.
- Feather meal, made from poultry by-products, has high CP (~85%) but lacks sufficient amino acid content and is typically used in conjunction with other proteins.
- Milk meal is ideal for young monogastrics like piglets but is very expensive.
Specialized Protein Supplements
- Single cell protein is derived from yeast and microbes, serving as a protein supplement.
- Crystalline amino acids are synthetic supplements for monogastric diets aimed at reducing supplemental protein intake.
- Non-protein nitrogen feeds (e.g., urea) are suitable only for ruminants and should not be used for monogastrics, horses, or poultry.
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Description
Explore important terms related to protein feedstuffs essential for animal nutrition with these flashcards. Each card focuses on crucial concepts like proteins, amino acids, and their environmental impact. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of animal dietary needs.
