Nutrition Chapter 5 Review

Questions and Answers

______ is used to determine whether a person is overweight or obese.

Body mass index

Which of the following has replaced malnutrition as the most prevalent dietary contributor to poor health worldwide?

Obesity (correct)

Diabetes

Cardiovascular diseases

Hypertension

Men and younger adults are more likely to be overweight or obese than women and older adults.

False

Identify the specific cancers where obesity is a contributing factor to its death rates.

Multiple myeloma, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Signup and view all the answers

Identify a chief cause of disability.

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

___ is an excessive accumulation of body fat.

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

The World Health Organization has estimated that almost 41 million children under the age of ______ are overweight.

five Signup and view all the answers

It is seen that at present almost 70 percent of the adult U.S population are _____.

overweight Signup and view all the answers

Obesity has been tied to poor _____.

cognitive functioning Signup and view all the answers

Obesity has contributed substantially to deaths from _____.

cardiovascular diseases Signup and view all the answers

Obesity and _____ appear to exert independent adverse effects on health, leading to greater risks than either risk factor alone.

lack of exercise Signup and view all the answers

According to a research study, _____ is an especially potent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and decline in cognitive function.

abdominally localized fat Signup and view all the answers

_____ people are prone to having personality disorders and psychiatric conditions, especially depression.

Obese Signup and view all the answers

Obesity has been associated with early _____.

mortality Signup and view all the answers

Obesity is known to increase risks _____.

during surgery Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of repeated exposure to other people's judgments about one's weight?

Low self-esteem, Social Alienation Signup and view all the answers

According to Epel et al., people with excessive _____ are more psychologically and physiologically reactive to stress.

abdominal fat Signup and view all the answers

Often ignored among the risks of obesity is _____ that can result.

psychological distress Signup and view all the answers

According to Belluck (2005), for the first time in over 200 years, the current generation of children has a shorter life expectancy than their parents due to _____.

high rates of obesity Signup and view all the answers

Identify the true statements about fat deposits in a body and its relation to obesity.

Fat cells are many in number and exceptionally large by size in severely obese people. The number of fat cells a person has is typically determined in the first few years of life. Signup and view all the answers

A consequence of obese people becoming reclusive is that diseases such as _____ may be far advanced by the time they seek a physician.

diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following risk factors for cardiovascular disease are seen in nearly two-thirds of overweight and obese children in the United States?

Hyperinsulemia Signup and view all the answers

Obesity depends on the ____.

number and size of fat cells Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors that contribute to the risk of obesity among children?

Sedentary lifestyle, Genes Signup and view all the answers

Women of _____ origin are more likely to be obese.

African American Signup and view all the answers

People who are _____ are more likely to be obese.

high neuroticism Signup and view all the answers

Identify the true statements about the risk factors for obesity.

Obesity is by itself a risk factor to become more obese. Large fat cells have a high capacity to produce and store fat. Signup and view all the answers

Identify a true statement about the reasons for high rates of obesity in childhood.

Maintaining a sedentary lifestyle, which involves watching television and playing video games. There are genetically based tendencies to store energy as fat rather than lean tissue. Signup and view all the answers

Successive cycles of dieting and weight gain that enhance the efficiency of food use and lower the metabolic rate is known as

yo yo dieting Signup and view all the answers

The idea that each individual has an ideal biological weight, which cannot be greatly modified is known as the _____

set point theory of weight Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Body Mass Index and Obesity

Body Mass Index (BMI) is used to assess whether an individual is overweight or obese.
Obesity has replaced malnutrition as the leading dietary contributor to poor health globally.
Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat.

Cancer and Health Risks Associated with Obesity

Obesity significantly contributes to death rates from cancers such as multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
It is a chief cause of disability and is tied to poor cognitive functioning.
Obesity has also led to increased mortality from cardiovascular diseases.

Demographics and Prevalence

Nearly 41 million children under age five are estimated to be overweight by the World Health Organization.
Approximately 70% of the adult population in the U.S. is classified as overweight.
Obesity is more common among African American women compared to other demographics.

Obese individuals may experience low self-esteem and social alienation due to societal judgments regarding weight.
Psychological distress is often overlooked among the risks associated with obesity.
Abdominal fat has been identified as a significant risk factor for various chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease.

Childhood Obesity and Risk Factors

There is a concerning trend of a decreasing life expectancy for children compared to their parents, primarily due to high rates of obesity.
Risk factors for obesity in children include sedentary lifestyles and genetic predispositions favoring fat storage.
Approximately two-thirds of overweight and obese children exhibit conditions such as hyperinsulinemia and elevated blood pressure.

Physiological Aspects of Obesity

The number and size of fat cells determine an individual's obesity risk.
Large fat cells are highly efficient at storing fat and can lead to a cycle of increasing obesity.
"Yo-yo dieting" refers to cycles of weight loss and gain that can negatively impact metabolism.

The Set Point Theory

The set point theory of weight suggests that each individual has a predetermined biological weight that is challenging to alter significantly.

Behavioral and Lifestyle Influences

A sedentary lifestyle, including excessive screen time, is a primary contributor to childhood obesity.
Individuals with high levels of neuroticism may be more prone to obesity.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key concepts covered in Chapter 5 about nutrition and obesity. This quiz includes essential definitions and true or false questions related to body mass index and dietary health trends. Perfect for students reviewing the impact of nutrition on overall health.