Nutrition Chapter 4 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Proteins are built from simpler organic compounds called

Indispensable amino acids

Amino acids (correct)

Fatty acids

Monosaccharides

The element that is contained in proteins but not in carbohydrates or lipids is

Hydrogen

Nitrogen (correct)

Carbon

Oxygen

Two types of protein in the body are _ protein and _ protein.

tissue, plasma

The number of amino acids that are indispensable for human beings is

9 Signup and view all the answers

What is the food that is the best source of indispensable amino acids?

Turkey Signup and view all the answers

A protein that contains all indispensable amino acids in the correct proportion and ratio is

A complete protein Signup and view all the answers

The number of kilocalories from protein in a sandwich that contains 24 g protein is _____ kcal.

96 Signup and view all the answers

An animal protein that has relatively little value as a dietary protein source when eaten alone is

Gelatin Signup and view all the answers

Proteins from plant sources that are classified as incomplete include

Wheat, peanuts, and corn Signup and view all the answers

The primary function of protein in the diet is to supply

Material for growth and maintenance Signup and view all the answers

Protein plays an important role in the body

In defense against disease and infection Signup and view all the answers

After a piece of grilled chicken is partially digested in the stomach, it eventually reaches the small intestine, where it is digested by which of the following enzymes secreted by the pancreas?

Chymotrypsin, trypsin, and carboxypeptidase Signup and view all the answers

Proteins are mostly absorbed as

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Pepsinogen secreted by the gastric cells is converted into pepsin by

Hydrochloric acid Signup and view all the answers

Protein catabolism is increased in conditions such as

Illness Signup and view all the answers

The phase of metabolism that makes growth and repair possible is

Anabolism Signup and view all the answers

A gastric enzyme that coagulates the protein in milk and is produced by infants but not by adults is

Rennin Signup and view all the answers

A protein-digesting enzyme found in the stomach rather than in pancreatic secretions is

Pepsin Signup and view all the answers

The enzyme trypsin is activated by the enzyme

Enterokinase Signup and view all the answers

The enzymes aminopeptidase and dipeptidase are secreted by the

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Complementary proteins

Provide higher quality protein when eaten together Signup and view all the answers

In the mouth, protein foods are

Broken up mechanically by chewing Signup and view all the answers

The meal with the highest quality protein is

An omelet with cheese, whole wheat toast, and orange juice Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions might result in the greatest catabolism?

Multiple trauma with extensive organ damage Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Protein Basics

Proteins are made up of amino acids, simpler organic compounds essential for bodily functions.
The unique element found in proteins but absent in carbohydrates and lipids is nitrogen.
Two primary protein types in the body include tissue protein and plasma protein.

Amino Acids

Human beings require nine indispensable amino acids.
Turkey is an excellent food source providing all indispensable amino acids.

Protein Classification

A complete protein contains all indispensable amino acids in the correct proportions.
Gelatin, while an animal protein, has poor dietary protein value when consumed alone.
Plant-based proteins like wheat, peanuts, and corn are classified as incomplete proteins.

Protein Functions

The main role of dietary protein is material supply for growth and maintenance of body tissues.
Protein plays a crucial role in the immune system, defending against diseases and infections.

Protein Digestion and Absorption

Proteins are primarily absorbed as amino acids rather than polypeptides.
Pepsinogen, produced by gastric cells, converts to active pepsin in the presence of hydrochloric acid.
Protein digestion is aided by pancreatic enzymes like chymotrypsin, trypsin, and carboxypeptidase in the small intestine.

Metabolism

Catabolism of protein increases significantly during illness.
Anabolism is the metabolic process that facilitates growth and repair in the body.

Enzymes and Digestion

Rennin is a gastric enzyme that helps coagulate milk protein and is uniquely produced by infants.
Pepsin is the primary protein-digesting enzyme found in the stomach; it is not produced in pancreatic secretions.
Trypsin is activated by the enzyme enterokinase within the digestive process.

Complementary Proteins

Eating complementary proteins enhances protein quality and metabolic processes, making their combined intake more beneficial.

Protein Quality and Sources

The meal with the highest quality protein includes omelet with cheese, whole wheat toast, and orange juice.

Special Conditions

Increased protein catabolism may occur under specific conditions, such as multiple trauma with extensive organ damage.

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Description

Test your knowledge of proteins with these flashcards from Nutrition Chapter 4. This quiz covers essential concepts such as amino acids, protein structures, and the unique elements in proteins. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of nutrition.