Podcast
Questions and Answers
How many calories does 1g of lipid provide?
How many calories does 1g of lipid provide?
What is the function of collagen in the human body?
What is the function of collagen in the human body?
What is the term for proteins that contain all essential amino acids?
What is the term for proteins that contain all essential amino acids?
What is the function of elastin in the human body?
What is the function of elastin in the human body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of gliadin and glutenin?
What is the function of gliadin and glutenin?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the biological function of proteins in gene expression?
What is the biological function of proteins in gene expression?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended daily intake of protein?
What is the recommended daily intake of protein?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to proteins after denaturation?
What happens to proteins after denaturation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a consequence of consuming too much protein?
What is a consequence of consuming too much protein?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of high protein diets?
What is a characteristic of high protein diets?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Introduction to Nutrition
- Nutrition studies the effects of food and drink on the body, emphasizing essential nutrients for health.
- Nutrients are substances providing energy or necessary for growth and repair.
- Six major nutrients: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Aspects of Nutrition Study
- Chemical and physical structure of foods.
- Food production and growth methods.
- Human body interactions with food.
- Nutrient metabolism and physiological needs.
- Nutrient interactions with each other.
Malnutrition
- Refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in nutrient intake.
- Nutritional situations categorized into optimum nutrition and malnutrition.
- Undernutrition leads to hunger; overnutrition results in excess caloric intake.
Food Quality
- Quality relates to food's taste, texture, appearance, microbial content, and consumer preference.
- High-quality foods significantly provide essential nutrients relative to their calorie content.
Units of Measure
- Weight: 1 kg = 2.2 lbs
- Height: 1 ft = 30.5 cm; 1 inch = 25.4 mm
- Energy: 1 Cal = 4.18 kJ
Lifestyle Factors Affecting Nutrition
- Includes physical activity level, drug use, and sleeping patterns.
- Eating habits encompass what, how much, and how often a person eats.
Chronic Disease
- Defined as health conditions lasting over 1 year requiring ongoing medical care or limiting daily activities.
Achieving a Healthy Diet
- A healthy diet should be adequate, balanced, calorie-controlled, moderated, and varied.
Levels of the Human Body
- Atomic Level: Atoms are basic building blocks.
- Molecule Level: Groups of atoms participating in chemical reactions.
- Cellular Level: Cells are fundamental units containing nucleus, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA.
- Tissue Level: Composed of cells and intercellular substances.
- Whole Body Level: The most abundant element is oxygen.
Weight and Height Indices
- Body Mass Index (BMI): Weight (kg) / Height (m)².
- Underweight: BMI < 18.5; Healthy: 18.5-24.9; Overweight: 25-29.9; Obese: BMI > 30.
Human Body Systems
- Nervous System: Controls body functions.
- Immune System: Protects against diseases.
- Respiratory System: Facilitates breathing.
- Digestive System: Processes food.
- Endocrine System: Regulates hormones.
- Cardiovascular System: Manages heart and blood.
- Reproductive System: Involves sex organs.
- Integumentary System: Protects the outer body.
- Lymphatic System: Waste disposal and protein synthesis.
- Musculoskeletal System: Composed of muscles and bones; total bones = 206.
Water and Electrolytes
- Water composition: 60% in men; 55% in women; recommended intake: 3.7 liters/day for men, 2.7 liters/day for women.
- Common water loss methods: urination, sweating, and metabolism.
Electrolytes
- Electrolytes are charged substances in water, important for various physiological functions.
Essential Fatty Acids
- Essential for hormone synthesis, skin integrity, growth, reproduction, blood clotting, and energy production.
- Omega-3: Found in salmon, walnuts, spinach; supports body maintenance.
- Omega-6: Found in corn oil, walnuts, and sesame oil; crucial for brain function.
- Trans fats are unhealthy fats found in processed foods like fried items and donuts.
Health Consequences of Fat Intake
- Excess fat leads to hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and diabetes.
- Deficiencies may result in itchy skin, diarrhea, delayed growth, poor wound healing, and neurological issues.
- Recommended fat intake: 20-35% of daily calories.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Review of chapter 1 of nutrition, covering the basics of nutrition, nutrients, and the six major nutrients: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
