Nutrition Chapter 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended daily protein requirement for normal adults based on their weight?

2.0 grams per kilogram

1.5 grams per kilogram

1.0 grams per kilogram

0.8 grams per kilogram (correct)

Which of the following is NOT considered a source of protein?

Beans

Fish

Nuts

Rice (correct)

Which of these statements about protein is true?

Protein is used solely as an energy source.

Protein is not essential during pregnancy.

Protein helps repair and build body tissues. (correct)

Protein acts as a source of vitamins.

What is a significant function of protein in the body?

Supports metabolic reactions Signup and view all the answers

During lactation, what is the upper limit of protein intake recommended per kilogram?

Up to 30 grams per kilogram Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the tongue in the digestive process?

To aid in taste sensation and mastication Signup and view all the answers

What mixture forms in the stomach after food is mixed with stomach secretions?

Chyme Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is activated in the stomach for protein digestion?

Pepsin Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the small intestine does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?

Jejunum Signup and view all the answers

What is the secretion rate of saliva per day?

1 liter Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of the small intestine?

Absorption of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone regulates stomach secretion?

Gastrin Signup and view all the answers

Which enzymes break peptide bonds to form amino acids in the small intestine?

Peptidases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy production role of carbohydrates in the diet?

Energy production Signup and view all the answers

Which macronutrient has the highest caloric value per gram?

Fat Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of daily caloric intake should come from carbohydrates according to the Acceptable Macronutrients Distribution Range (AMDR)?

45-65% Signup and view all the answers

Consuming carbohydrates above the RDA can lead to which of the following conditions?

Weight gain or obesity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sugars is known as blood sugar?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

Fructose is commonly found in which of the following sources?

Fruits and honey Signup and view all the answers

What are disaccharides primarily composed of?

Two monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a source of sucrose?

Sugarcane Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nutrition?

To maintain life and promote health Signup and view all the answers

Which category of food is primarily responsible for providing energy?

Energy-building foods Signup and view all the answers

What is digestion primarily defined as?

The breakdown of food into usable substances Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is NOT classified as energy-building food?

Chicken Signup and view all the answers

What role do vitamins and minerals play in nutrition?

They regulate body processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of body-building foods?

To repair and build tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which mouth component is particularly important for mastication?

Lips and cheeks Signup and view all the answers

Which food can be classified as a body-regulating food?

Guava Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of sugar used in cooking?

Sucrose Signup and view all the answers

What is maltose primarily derived from?

Plant starch digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which sugar is known for causing difficulty in digestion for some individuals?

Lactose Signup and view all the answers

What is the storage form of carbohydrates in plants?

Starch Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate is produced from the action of dry heat on starch?

Dextrin Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT increase blood sugar levels?

Increased physical activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of polysaccharides compared to mono and disaccharides?

They are not water-soluble Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of carbohydrates in the body?

Providing energy Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutrition Overview

Nutrition is the study of food and its utilization by the body for growth, metabolism, and repair.
It encompasses the quantity and quality of food, along with the processes involved in nourishment.
Key function of nutrition is to sustain life and promote optimal health.

Nutritional Functions of Foods

Energy Provision: Carbohydrates and fats serve as primary energy sources.
- Examples include rice, corn, bread, and cooking oils.
Tissue Building and Repair: Proteins are essential for growth and repairing worn-out tissues.
- Sources: fish, pork, chicken, beef, cheese, and beans.
Regulation of Body Processes: Vitamins and minerals are crucial for normal bodily functions and development.
- Examples: ripe papaya, guava, and oranges.

Digestion Process

Digestion breaks down food into essential nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins.
- Key functions include intake, breakdown, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination.

Digestive System Components

Mouth: Initiates mechanical digestion through mastication; saliva aids in this process.
Stomach: Mixes food with gastric secretions to form chyme; major enzyme involved is pepsin, which breaks down proteins.
Small Intestine: Primary site for digestion and nutrient absorption, particularly in the duodenum and jejunum.
- Secretes enzymes and receives pancreatic/liver secretions for digestion.

Macronutrients and Their Roles

Carbohydrates: Provide energy, with an RDA of 130 grams/day.
- Excess intake may lead to weight gain.
Protein: Essential for tissue repair and metabolic functions; RDA varies with activity and life stage (0.8 g/kg for adults, up to 2.0 g/kg for children).
Fats: Contain the highest amount of energy (9 kcal/g).

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Carbohydrates: 45-65%
Proteins: 10-35%
Fats: 20-35%

Carbohydrates Classification

Monosaccharides: Simple sugars like fructose and glucose provide quick energy.
Disaccharides: Composed of two monosaccharides (e.g., sucrose, lactose).
Polysaccharides: Complex carbohydrates such as starch and glycogen serve as long-term energy storage.

Case Study Considerations (e.g., Diabetes Management)

Creating a balanced menu could assist patients like Lorna to manage caloric intake.
Goals may include weight loss and stable blood sugar levels.
Recommended carbohydrate sources should be healthy and high in fiber.

Protein Importance

Essential for repairing and building tissues, supporting metabolic reactions, and maintaining immune function.
Protein is the only dietary source of essential amino acids and nitrogen for the body.

Daily Protein Requirement

Estimated based on body weight: weight in kg multiplied by 0.8 g (normal adults), higher for athletes and during pregnancy/lactation.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of nutrition in this quiz, focusing on how the body utilizes food for growth, metabolism, and repair. Understand the importance of both the quantity and quality of consumed food, as well as specialized nutritional solutions for patients. Test your knowledge on the critical role of nutrition in maintaining body functions.