Food and Nutrition Basics Module 1
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What is the term used for all the chemical reactions in the body?

  • Anabolism
  • Catabolism
  • Homeostasis
  • Metabolism (correct)

    • Which process involves the assembly of substances?

  • Digestion
  • Metabolism
  • Anabolism (correct)
  • Catabolism

    • What is the approximate daily energy requirement for a sedentary individual?

  • 2000 kcal (correct)
  • 3000 kcal
  • 2500 kcal
  • 1500 kcal

    • How many kilojoules are equivalent to one kilocalorie?

    <p>4.18 kJ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which metabolic process are substances broken down?

    <p>Catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT considered when determining energy requirements?

    <p>Height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy content of food typically expressed in?

    <p>Kilocalories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of metabolism is associated with energy expenditure?

    <p>Catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main categories of nutrients found in food?

    <p>Micronutrients and macronutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient provides the highest percentage of dry matter in an average diet?

    <p>Carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of essential nutrients?

    <p>Nutrients that must be obtained through diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of the average diet is composed of fat, according to the given data?

    <p>19%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combined percentage of carbohydrates and proteins in an average diet?

    <p>81%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the process of metabolism in the body?

    <p>The chemical reactions that transform food into energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of nerve cells compared to other body cells?

    <p>They remain unchanged throughout life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes kilocalories?

    <p>A unit of energy used to quantify food energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does nutrition play in cellular function?

    <p>Nutrition provides necessary substances for cellular chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often are red blood cells renewed in the body?

    <p>Every 4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is catabolism?

    <p>The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about tissue renewal is correct?

    <p>Digestive tract cells are replaced every 1-2 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does anabolism refer to?

    <p>The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a kilocalorie?

    <p>The energy required to raise 1 kg of water by 1°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when essential nutrients are constantly missing from the diet?

    <p>Serious illness or even death may result</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient-related concept does the phrase 'You are what you eat' represent?

    <p>Nutrients become part of the body's structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity burns the least calories per hour for a 70 kg person?

    <p>Rest or sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many kilocalories per hour does playing soccer/football burn for a 70 kg individual?

    <p>600 kcal/hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutrient deficiency can lead to symptoms such as blindness or sterility?

    <p>Vitamin or mineral deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For females aged 20 to 40 weighing 65 kg, what is the daily energy requirement for heavy work?

    <p>2400 kcal/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about metabolism is true?

    <p>Metabolism involves chemical reactions in individual cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is NOT mentioned in regard to average daily energy requirements?

    <p>NASA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a nutrient?

    <p>Nutritive substances contained in the food and required by the body to function properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the science of food in its relationship to health?

    <p>Nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does metabolism encompass?

    <p>The sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term catabolism refer to?

    <p>The sum total of all the chemical reactions during which substances are broken down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anabolism?

    <p>The sum total of all the chemical reactions during which substances are assembled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does energy represent in the context of nutrition?

    <p>The ability to do work derived from the breakdown of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a kilocalorie defined?

    <p>The unit of measure for the energy content of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a kiloJoule?

    <p>A unit of measure of energy content in food where 4.18 of these units equal one kilocalorie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nutrition?

    <p>The science of food in its relationship to health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two basic types of metabolism?

    <p>Catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define energy in the context of human nutrition.

    <p>The ability to do work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a kilocalorie?

    <p>A unit of measure of the energy content of food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The essential nutrient types include __________ and __________.

    <p>micronutrients, macronutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Energy requirements for sedentary individuals are approximately 2000 kcal per day.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Nutrient = Nutritive substances contained in food required by the body to function properly Nutrition = The science of food in its relationship to health but health is more than the absence of disease Metabolism = The sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in the body Catabolism = The sum total of all the chemical reactions during which substances are broken down Anabolism = The sum total of all the chemical reactions during which substances are assembled Energy = The ability to do work derived from breaking down nutrients in the cells of the body Kilocalorie = A unit of measure of the energy content of food KiloJoule = A unit of measure of energy; 1 kcal = 4.18 kJ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the average daily energy requirements for a male athlete aged 20 to 40 weighing 75 kg?

    <p>4000 kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average percentage of carbohydrates in a diet composition?

    <p>62%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nutrition?

    <p>The science of food in its relationship to health but health is more than the absence of disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define metabolism.

    <p>The sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two basic types of metabolism?

    <p>Anabolism and catabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a kilocalorie?

    <p>A unit of measure of the energy content of food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is energy in the context of nutrition?

    <p>The ability to do work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are nutrients?

    <p>Nutritive substances contained in food required by the body to function properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cells in the nervous tissue are constantly renewed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The average daily energy requirements of a sedentary individual are approximately _____ kcal per day.

    <p>2000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One kilocalorie (kcal) is approximately equal to _____ kiloJoules (kJ).

    <p>4.18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Nutrient = Nutritive substances contained in the food and required by the body to function properly. Nutrition = The science of food in its relationship to health but health is more than the absence of disease. Metabolism = The sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in the body. Catabolism = The sum total of all the chemical reactions during which substances are broken down. Anabolism = The sum total of all the chemical reactions during which substances are assembled. Energy = The ability to do work. Kilocalorie = A unit of measure of the energy content of food. KiloJoule = A unit of measure of the energy content of food, where 4.18 of these units equal one kilocalorie.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Metabolism Overview

    • Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions in the body.
    • Two primary types of metabolism:
      • Anabolism: Process of assembling substances.
      • Catabolism: Process of breaking down substances.

    Energy and Measurement

    • Energy is the capacity to do work, crucial for nutrient utilization.
    • Energy from food is measured in kilocalories (kcal) and kilojoules (kJ).
      • 1 kcal ≈ 4.18 kJ.

    Daily Energy Requirements

    • Average daily energy needs vary:
      • Sedentary individuals: ~2000 kcal.
      • Highly active individuals: ~3500 kcal.
    • Specific factors impacting energy needs include age, weight, sex, and activity level.

    Macronutrients and Micronutrients

    • Diet composition (dry matter) typically consists of:
      • Carbohydrates: 62%
      • Fat: 19%
      • Protein: 18%
    • Micronutrients: Vitamins and minerals required in smaller amounts.

    Nutrients

    • Nutrients are essential for proper bodily functions.
    • Deficiencies in essential nutrients can lead to severe health issues, including blindness and mental disorders.
    • Nutrients are integral to cell structure and renewal.

    Cell Renewal Rate

    • Cell renewal varies by tissue type:
      • Red blood cells: Renewed every 4 months.
      • Digestive tract cells: Renewed every 1-2 days.
      • Nerve cells: Generally not renewed, existing throughout life.

    Average Energy Requirements by Activity (WHO & FAO/UNU standards)

    • Females (20-40 years):
      • Sedentary (45 kg): 1650 kcal, (75 kg): 2250 kcal.
      • Active: Ranges from 2100 to 2900 kcal based on weight/activity.
    • Males (20-40 years):
      • Sedentary (55 kg): 2100 kcal, (85 kg): 2700 kcal.
      • Active: Ranges from 2700 to 4200 kcal based on weight/activity.

    Energy Expenditure for Activities (per hour for a 70 kg man)

    • Rest or sleep: 80 kcal
    • Sitting: 100 kcal
    • Housework: 180 kcal
    • Running (16 km/h): 900 kcal

    Definitions

    • Nutrient: Substances in food necessary for body functioning.

    • Nutrition: The science connecting food and health, beyond mere absence of disease.

    • Metabolism: Totality of chemical reactions in the body.

    • Energy: Work capacity derived from nutrient breakdown.

    • Kilocalorie (kcal): Energy unit, defined by the temperature increase of 1 kg of water.

    • KiloJoule (kJ): Energy unit, where 1 kcal = 4.18 kJ.### Nutrition, Metabolism, and Digestion

    • Nutrition: Science of how the body utilizes nutrients from food for functions and health; goes beyond just the absence of disease.

    • Nutrients: Essential substances found in food necessary for proper bodily function; deficiencies can lead to severe health issues such as blindness or mental impairments.

    • Cell Renewal: Varies by tissue type; for instance, red blood cells renew every 4 months, while digestive tract cells renew every 1-2 days. Most body cells renew approximately every 3 months, except nerve cells, which last a lifetime.

    Metabolism

    • Metabolism: Total of all chemical reactions in the body, enabling it to function as a whole system. Divided into:

      • Anabolism: The process of building up substances in the body.
      • Catabolism: The breakdown of substances for energy release.

    • Energy: Ability to do work; derived from breaking down nutrients in cells. Average energy requirements are about 2000 kcal/day for sedentary individuals and up to 3500 kcal/day for highly active individuals.

    Energy Units

    • Kilocalorie (kcal): Defined as the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg or 1 liter of water by 1°C; 1 kcal = 4.18 kiloJoules (kJ).
    • KiloJoule (kJ): Another unit of energy measurement, where 1 kJ equals approximately 0.239 kcal.

    Daily Energy Requirements

    • Average Daily Energy Needs by Gender and Weight (kcal/day):
      • Females (20-40 years):
        • 45 kg: 1650 (sitting) to 2100 (athletes)
        • 55 kg: 1850 to 2400
        • 65 kg: 2050 to 2600
        • 75 kg: 2250 to 2900
      • Males (20-40 years):
        • 55 kg: 2100 to 3300
        • 65 kg: 2350 to 3700
        • 75 kg: 2500 to 4000
        • 85 kg: 2700 to 4200

    Activity Energy Cost

    • Energy expenditure of various activities for a 70 kg individual measured in kcal/hour:
      • Rest/Sleep: 80 kcal
      • Sitting: 100 kcal
      • Driving: 120 kcal
      • Housework: 180 kcal
      • Walking (4.0 km/h): 210 kcal
      • Golf: 250 kcal
      • Walking (5.5 km/h): 300 kcal
      • Table Tennis: 360 kcal
      • Weed Chopping: 400 kcal
      • Tennis: 420 kcal
      • Soccer/Football: 600 kcal
      • Running (16 km/h): 900 kcal

    Macronutrients and Micronutrients

    • Standard dietary composition (% dry matter):
      • Carbohydrates: 62%
      • Fats: 19%
      • Proteins: 18%
      • Minerals/Trace elements: Not specified.

    Nutritional Definitions

    • Macronutrients: Nutrients required in larger amounts (carbohydrates, fats, proteins).
    • Micronutrients: Nutrients needed in smaller amounts (vitamins, minerals).
    • Essential Nutrients: Nutrients that the body cannot produce and must be obtained from food.

    These concepts form the foundational understanding of how food and nutrients contribute to energy, metabolism, and overall health.

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    Food And Nutrition Basics Module 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the foundational concepts of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Digestion. By the end of Section 1, you will understand key definitions and processes including metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism. Test your knowledge on these essential topics in food and nutrition.

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