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Questions and Answers
What is nutrition?
Science of food, nutrients and how our body uses it
Which of the following best defines food?
Essential nutrients can be synthesized by the body.
False
What is a balanced diet?
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Define malnutrition.
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What are the six classes of nutrients?
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Which of these is a macronutrient?
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Name a source of carbohydrates.
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Vitamins are classified as macronutrients.
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The simplest form of carbohydrates is called _____
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Study Notes
Definitions
- Nutrition: The science of food, nutrients, and how the body uses them.
- Food: Any substance that provides nourishment to the body when consumed.
- Nutrients: Chemical components in foods that are essential for bodily functions.
- Essential Nutrients: Nutrients the body cannot synthesize in sufficient amounts and therefore must be obtained from food.
- Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
- Diet: The pattern of food and beverages consumed regularly.
- Balanced Diet: Provides the recommended intake of all nutrients and a wide variety of foods.
- Nutritional Assessment: A comprehensive evaluation to determine a person's nutritional status.
- Nutritional Status: The condition of the body resulting from nutrient utilization.
- Malnutrition: A state of nutritional imbalance, encompassing both undernutrition and overnutrition.
- Undernutrition: Inadequate energy intake, lasting for prolonged periods.
- Overnutrition: Excessive energy intake, lasting for prolonged periods.
Eras of Nutrition
- Naturalistic Era (400 BC – AD 1750): Focused on using food for cosmetics and wound treatment. Early biblical writings referenced food and health.
- Chemical and Analytical Era (1750 – 1900): Experiments conducted on human bodies and food consumption. Discovery of food metabolism and composition.
- Biological Era (1900 – 1955): The term "vitamin" was coined, and water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins were discovered.
- Cellular or Molecular Era (1955 – Present): Utilization of electron microscopes and ultracentrifuges. Nutrition breakthroughs, including research, dietary guidelines, and food policies.
Classes of Nutrients
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Macronutrients: Required in large quantities (grams per day):
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
- Proteins
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Micronutrients: Required in small quantities (milligrams or micrograms per day):
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water: Essential for bodily functions.
Macronutrients: Carbohydrates (CHO)
- Structure: CHO is arranged as monosaccharides or multiple monosaccharides. The simplest form is glucose.
- Source: Produced in plants through photosynthesis.
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Function:
- Energy source for the brain and muscles.
- Protein sparing action.
- Antiketogenic effect.
- Control of fat oxidation.
- Regulation of bowel movements, cholesterol, and glucose.
- Structural component of brain and nerve tissues.
- Detoxifying agent.
Classification of Carbohydrates
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Simple Carbohydrates:
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Monosaccharides: The simplest sugars, cannot be broken down further.
- Glucose: Body's primary fuel, obtained through starch digestion. Found in dextrose, grape sugar, and corn sugar.
- Fructose: The sweetest of the monosaccharides, found in fruits, honey, and high-fructose corn syrup.
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Monosaccharides: The simplest sugars, cannot be broken down further.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of nutrition. This quiz covers essential terms such as nutrients, dietary patterns, and health implications. Understand the importance of a balanced diet and nutritional assessment for overall wellness.
