Nutrition

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Which of the following is NOT a primary type of nutrient?

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Vitamins

Nucleic acids (correct)

List all the types of nutrients

Water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins

What is the most important nutrient for sustaining life?

Water

Which of the following is used to measure water quality in terms of dissolved substances?

Total dissolved solids (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can negatively affect water quality for livestock?

All the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy terms with their correct definitions:

Gross energy (GE) = Total energy in feed Digestible energy (DE) = GE - fecal energy Metabolizable energy (ME) = DE - urinary energy and methane energy Net energy = ME - heat increment (aka heat loss) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following energies is used first to meet the maintenance requirements?

Net energy (NE) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nutrients is the primary source of energy?

Carbohydrates (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two complex polysaccharides as discussed in lecture?

Starch and cellulose Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient class provides the most energy per gram?

Lipids (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a non-energy component?

Vitamins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lipids in animals?

Serve as a major energy storage molecule (A) Signup and view all the answers

Recall: what are the source of essential fatty acids in ruminants?

Acetate, proprionate and butyrate Signup and view all the answers

Lipids are highly palatable for ruminants at low concentrations

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

List the carbohydrates of veterinary importance.

Xylose, lactulose, glycosaminoglycans, oligosaccharides and resistant starches Signup and view all the answers

Match the carbohydrate of veterinary importance with its correct function or application

Xylose = Used in GI absorption tests in dogs Lactulose = Acts as a prebiotic and laxative Glycosaminoglycans = Important for joint health Oligosaccharides = Supports gut health as prebiotic Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of saturated fatty acids?

Have no double bonds in their carbon chain (B) Signup and view all the answers

Unsaturated fatty acids contain:

One or more double bonds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What makes a fatty acid "non-essential"?

It can be synthesized by the body from other nutrients (C) Signup and view all the answers

What makes a fatty acid “essential”?

All the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid in mammals?

Linoleic acid (A) Signup and view all the answers

Essential amino acids must be:

Obtained from the diet (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is essential for cats and is crucial for heart and eye health?

Taurine (A) Signup and view all the answers

____ determines function for proteins

Structure Signup and view all the answers

Proteins can’t be stored, so there is a continuous replacement needed due to metabolic turnover

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines crude protein?

An estimate of total protein in a feed sample, calculated based on nitrogen content, including both true protein and non-protein nitrogen compounds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the biological value of a protein indicate?

The ability of a dietary protein to supply amino acids in the correct proportions for protein synthesis in the body (B) Signup and view all the answers

List the 10 essential amino acids important for veterinary medicine (VPMITTHALL)

Valine, phenylalanine, methionine, isoleucine, threonine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine, leucine and lysine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a macromineral?

Calcium (C) Signup and view all the answers

The protein source for ruminants comes from: _ +

Feed and microbial protein Signup and view all the answers

List the macrominerals (CCPPSSMZ)

Calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, chloride, potassium, sodium, sulfur and zinc Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phosphorus in the body?

Bone development, energy metabolism, and cell signaling (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are common signs of phosphorus deficiency in animals?

Reduced appetite, poor growth, weak bones, and reproductive issues (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does a high intake of potassium affect magnesium absorption in animals?

It decreases magnesium absorption by interfering with its uptake in the intestines. (B) Signup and view all the answers

List the microminerals (MMIICCCS)

Molybdenum, manganese, iron, iodine, cobalt, copper, chromium, selenium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microminerals is the precursor to B12?

Cobalt (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

ADEK Signup and view all the answers

Match each vitamin with its corresponding function

Vitamin A = Normal bone growth, epithelial maintenance, night vision Vitamin D = Regulates calcium and phosphorus balance, bone development Vitamin E = Antioxidant, maintains cell membrane integrity Vitamin K = Blood clotting, bone health Signup and view all the answers