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Questions and Answers
What type of nutrition is characteristic of plants?
What type of nutrition is characteristic of plants?
Which type of respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen?
Which type of respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen?
What is the site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes?
What is the site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes?
Which type of transportation involves the movement of substances without energy expenditure?
Which type of transportation involves the movement of substances without energy expenditure?
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What is the primary function of the circulatory system in animals?
What is the primary function of the circulatory system in animals?
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What is the process of removing waste products from an organism?
What is the process of removing waste products from an organism?
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Which type of excretion is characterized by the removal of waste products through urine?
Which type of excretion is characterized by the removal of waste products through urine?
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Which process is essential for the production of food in plants?
Which process is essential for the production of food in plants?
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What two energy-rich molecules are produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
What two energy-rich molecules are produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
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What is the byproduct of photosynthesis that is essential for aerobic respiration?
What is the byproduct of photosynthesis that is essential for aerobic respiration?
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What is the primary function of filtration in the excretory process?
What is the primary function of filtration in the excretory process?
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What is the significance of reabsorption in the excretory process?
What is the significance of reabsorption in the excretory process?
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What is the role of the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis?
What is the role of the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis?
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What is the primary function of nutrient assimilation in an organism?
What is the primary function of nutrient assimilation in an organism?
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What is the byproduct of anaerobic respiration in muscles?
What is the byproduct of anaerobic respiration in muscles?
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What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in the transportation of substances?
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in the transportation of substances?
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What is the energy source for photosynthesis?
What is the energy source for photosynthesis?
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What is the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules in an organism?
What is the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules in an organism?
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What is the term for the movement of water and solutes through cell membranes?
What is the term for the movement of water and solutes through cell membranes?
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What is the primary function of excretion in an organism?
What is the primary function of excretion in an organism?
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What is the term for the process by which an organism takes in oxygen and releases energy from nutrients?
What is the term for the process by which an organism takes in oxygen and releases energy from nutrients?
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Study Notes
Nutrition
- Definition: The process by which organisms obtain energy and nutrients from food
- Types of Nutrition:
- Autotrophic: Producing own food using sunlight, water, and CO2 (e.g. plants)
- Heterotrophic: Obtaining food from other sources (e.g. animals, fungi)
- Modes of Nutrition:
- Holozoic: Ingesting and digesting solid food (e.g. animals)
- Saprotrophic: Absorbing nutrients from dead organic matter (e.g. fungi)
- Parasitic: Obtaining nutrients from a living host (e.g. parasites)
Respiration
- Definition: The process by which organisms convert glucose into energy (ATP)
- Types of Respiration:
- Aerobic: Occurs in the presence of oxygen, produces ATP and water
- Anaerobic: Occurs in the absence of oxygen, produces ATP and lactic acid
- Respiratory Organelles:
- Mitochondria: site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes
- Cytoplasm: site of glycolysis in prokaryotes
Transportation
- Definition: The movement of substances within an organism
- Types of Transportation:
- Passive: Movement of substances without energy expenditure (e.g. diffusion, osmosis)
- Active: Movement of substances against a concentration gradient using energy (e.g. active transport)
- Transportation Systems:
- Circulatory System: Transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products in animals
- Vascular System: Transports water, nutrients, and sugars in plants
Excretion
- Definition: The process of removing waste products from an organism
- Types of Excretion:
- Urinary Excretion: Removal of waste products through urine (e.g. animals)
- Faecal Excretion: Removal of waste products through feces (e.g. animals)
- Transpiration: Removal of excess water through transpiration in plants
- Excretory Organs:
- Kidneys: Filter waste products from the blood in animals
- Liver: Detoxifies and removes waste products from the blood in animals
Photosynthesis
- Definition: The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy
- Equation: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2
- Photosynthetic Organelles:
- Chloroplasts: Contain pigments and enzymes necessary for photosynthesis
- Thylakoids: Site of light-dependent reactions in chloroplasts
- Importance of Photosynthesis:
- Produces oxygen for aerobic respiration
- Produces glucose for energy and synthesis of organic compounds
Nutrition
- Nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain energy and nutrients from food.
- Autotrophic nutrition involves producing own food using sunlight, water, and CO2, as seen in plants.
- Heterotrophic nutrition involves obtaining food from other sources, as seen in animals and fungi.
- Holozoic nutrition involves ingesting and digesting solid food, as seen in animals.
- Saprotrophic nutrition involves absorbing nutrients from dead organic matter, as seen in fungi.
- Parasitic nutrition involves obtaining nutrients from a living host, as seen in parasites.
Respiration
- Respiration is the process by which organisms convert glucose into energy (ATP).
- Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, producing ATP and water.
- Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen, producing ATP and lactic acid.
- Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes.
- Cytoplasm is the site of glycolysis in prokaryotes.
Transportation
- Transportation is the movement of substances within an organism.
- Passive transportation involves the movement of substances without energy expenditure, as seen in diffusion and osmosis.
- Active transportation involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient using energy, as seen in active transport.
- The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products in animals.
- The vascular system transports water, nutrients, and sugars in plants.
Excretion
- Excretion is the process of removing waste products from an organism.
- Urinary excretion involves the removal of waste products through urine, as seen in animals.
- Faecal excretion involves the removal of waste products through feces, as seen in animals.
- Transpiration involves the removal of excess water through transpiration in plants.
- Kidneys filter waste products from the blood in animals.
- The liver detoxifies and removes waste products from the blood in animals.
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy.
- The equation for photosynthesis is: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2.
- Chloroplasts contain pigments and enzymes necessary for photosynthesis.
- Thylakoids are the site of light-dependent reactions in chloroplasts.
- Photosynthesis produces oxygen for aerobic respiration.
- Photosynthesis produces glucose for energy and synthesis of organic compounds.
Nutrition
- Nutrition is the process by which an organism takes in and utilizes nutrients for energy, growth, and maintenance.
- There are two types of nutrition: autotrophic and heterotrophic.
- Autotrophic nutrition involves producing own food through photosynthesis, found in plants.
- Heterotrophic nutrition involves obtaining food from external sources, found in animals.
- Nutrient uptake involves three stages: ingestion, digestion, and absorption.
- Ingestion involves taking in food through the mouth or other openings.
- Digestion involves breaking down food into smaller molecules.
- Absorption involves absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream.
Respiration
- Respiration is the process by which an organism takes in oxygen and releases energy from nutrients.
- There are two types of respiration: aerobic and anaerobic.
- Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, produces energy (ATP) and water.
- Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen, produces energy (ATP) and lactic acid.
- The respiratory process involves inhaling, cellular respiration, and exhaling.
- Inhaling involves taking in oxygen through the lungs or other respiratory organs.
- Cellular respiration involves converting glucose into energy (ATP) through cellular processes.
- Exhaling involves releasing carbon dioxide and water vapor through the lungs or other respiratory organs.
Transportation
- Transportation is the process by which an organism moves nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout its body.
- There are two types of transportation systems: circulatory and lymphatic systems.
- The circulatory system involves the heart, blood vessels, and blood that transport oxygen and nutrients.
- The lymphatic system transports lymph, a clear fluid, throughout the body.
- Transportation mechanisms involve blood pressure and osmosis.
- Blood pressure involves the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system.
- Osmosis involves the movement of water and solutes through cell membranes.
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy.
- The photosynthetic process involves light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
- Light-dependent reactions involve light energy exciting electrons, producing ATP and NADPH.
- Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) involve ATP and NADPH being used to convert CO2 into glucose.
- Photosynthesis produces oxygen as a byproduct and provides energy for the food chain.
Excretion
- Excretion is the process by which an organism removes waste products from its body.
- There are two types of excretion: kidney excretion and integumentary excretion.
- Kidney excretion involves filtering waste and excess substances from the blood.
- Integumentary excretion involves removing waste through skin and exocrine glands.
- The excretory process involves filtration, reabsorption, and elimination.
- Filtration involves removing waste and excess substances from the blood.
- Reabsorption involves reabsorbing essential nutrients and water back into the bloodstream.
- Elimination involves removing waste products from the body through urine, feces, or sweat.
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Description
Learn about the process of nutrition, its types, and modes, including autotrophic, heterotrophic, holozoic, saprotrophic, and parasitic nutrition.
