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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the liver?
What is the primary function of the liver?
Cirrhosis is caused exclusively by viral infections.
Cirrhosis is caused exclusively by viral infections.
False
What is the condition characterized by erosion of the stomach lining?
What is the condition characterized by erosion of the stomach lining?
Ulcers
The process of removing carbon dioxide from the body is known as _____ .
The process of removing carbon dioxide from the body is known as _____ .
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Match the organ with its corresponding disease:
Match the organ with its corresponding disease:
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Which respiratory structure is responsible for vocalization?
Which respiratory structure is responsible for vocalization?
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Asthma is triggered by physical activity alone.
Asthma is triggered by physical activity alone.
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What autoimmune condition results from a reaction to gluten?
What autoimmune condition results from a reaction to gluten?
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Which of the following systems is NOT directly involved in nutrient transport and waste elimination?
Which of the following systems is NOT directly involved in nutrient transport and waste elimination?
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Multicellular organisms rely solely on diffusion for nutrient absorption.
Multicellular organisms rely solely on diffusion for nutrient absorption.
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What is the primary function of the excretory system?
What is the primary function of the excretory system?
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The digestive system includes the mouth, stomach, and _______ which absorbs most nutrients.
The digestive system includes the mouth, stomach, and _______ which absorbs most nutrients.
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Match each component of the digestive system with its function:
Match each component of the digestive system with its function:
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Which substance produced in the stomach aids in protein digestion?
Which substance produced in the stomach aids in protein digestion?
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Carbon dioxide is a by-product of metabolic processes and must be expelled from the body.
Carbon dioxide is a by-product of metabolic processes and must be expelled from the body.
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What role does bile play in digestion?
What role does bile play in digestion?
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Study Notes
Nutrition and the Human Body
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Unicellular vs. Multicellular Organisms:
- Unicellular organisms directly absorb nutrients, while multicellular organisms use complex systems (digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and excretory) to transport nutrients to cells.
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Main Functions of Nutrition:
- Provide nutrients for growth, repair, and energy production.
- Eliminate waste products (like CO2 and metabolic by-products) to prevent toxicity.
Systems Involved in Nutrition
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Digestive System:
- Breaks down food into nutrients.
- Absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream.
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Respiratory System:
- Supplies oxygen for metabolism.
- Removes carbon dioxide.
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Circulatory System:
- Transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.
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Excretory System:
- Removes waste products like urea and CO2 from the body.
Interconnections of Systems
- Digestive System: Extracts nutrients from food.
- Circulatory System: Delivers nutrients and oxygen from the digestive and respiratory systems to cells.
- Respiratory System: Provides oxygen for energy production and removes carbon dioxide.
- Excretory System: Filters and eliminates waste products.
Digestive System (Structure and Function in Detail)
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Digestive Tract:
- Mouth: Mechanical digestion (chewing) and saliva moistens food.
- Pharynx and Esophagus: Peristalsis moves bolus to the stomach.
- Stomach: Churns food, mixes with gastric juice (pepsin, HCl, renin). Converts bolus to chyme.
- Small Intestine: Major nutrient absorption. Chyme mixes with pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal juice.
- Large Intestine: Absorbs water; forms feces.
- Rectum and Anus: Defecation.
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Digestive Glands:
- Salivary Glands: Produce saliva (carbohydrate digestion).
- Liver: Produces bile (fat digestion).
- Pancreas: Produces enzymes (carbohydrate, protein, fat digestion), and hormones (like insulin).
Diseases of the Digestive System
- Teeth: Cavities (decay)
- Stomach: Gastritis, Ulcers
- Intestines: Gastroenteritis, Diarrhea, Coeliac Disease
- Liver: Hepatitis, Cirrhosis
Respiratory System (Structure and Function in Detail)
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Airways:
- Nostrils: Filter, warm, and humidify air.
- Pharynx: Shared with digestive system.
- Larynx: Contains vocal cords.
- Trachea: Cartilage-supported tube.
- Bronchi and Bronchioles: Lead air to alveoli in lungs.
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Lungs:
- Alveoli: Thin-walled sacs for gas exchange (oxygen absorption, CO2 removal).
- Right Lung: 3 lobes; Left Lung: 2 lobes.
Diseases of the Respiratory System
- Chronic Bronchitis: Inflammation of bronchi (often due to smoking)
- Asthma: Bronchial constriction (due to allergens/irritants)
- Flu: Viral infection.
- Pneumonia: Infection causing fluid buildup in alveoli (caused by bacteria/viruses)
- Emphysema: Loss of elasticity in alveoli, reducing gas exchange.
- COVID-19: Viral respiratory infection.
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Description
Explore the vital roles of various systems in nutrition and how they interconnect to maintain the body's health. This quiz delves into unicellular versus multicellular organisms and the functions of the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and excretory systems. Test your understanding of the essential processes involved in nutrition and waste elimination.
