Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a primary indicator of good nutritional status?
What is a primary indicator of good nutritional status?
- Caloric intake only
- Frequency of meals
- Weight gain
- Physical signs and symptoms of good nutrition (correct)
What does optimum nutrition ensure for the body?
What does optimum nutrition ensure for the body?
- Focus solely on carbohydrate consumption
- Avoidance of all fats
- Adequate supply and efficient utilization of essential nutrients (correct)
- Maximum caloric intake
Which of the following describes undernutrition?
Which of the following describes undernutrition?
- Having an imbalance of nutrients without deficiency
- Consuming an inadequate quantity of food over time (correct)
- Experiencing weight loss due to muscle gain
- Consuming an excessive quantity of food
What condition results from a specific nutrient deficiency?
What condition results from a specific nutrient deficiency?
What characterizes overnutrition?
What characterizes overnutrition?
What is one primary benefit of consuming calcium-rich foods daily?
What is one primary benefit of consuming calcium-rich foods daily?
Which guideline emphasizes the importance of preventing food and water-borne diseases?
Which guideline emphasizes the importance of preventing food and water-borne diseases?
What dietary practice can help prevent hypertension?
What dietary practice can help prevent hypertension?
Why are Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) set higher than the minimum dietary requirements?
Why are Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) set higher than the minimum dietary requirements?
What does a Food Composition Table provide?
What does a Food Composition Table provide?
What is a primary aim of the Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intake (RENI)?
What is a primary aim of the Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intake (RENI)?
What lifestyle choices are recommended to help prevent non-communicable diseases?
What lifestyle choices are recommended to help prevent non-communicable diseases?
What characteristic is essential for the nutrient content calculated from the Food Composition Table?
What characteristic is essential for the nutrient content calculated from the Food Composition Table?
What is a potential consequence of years of overeating without increased energy expenditure?
What is a potential consequence of years of overeating without increased energy expenditure?
Which group is at the highest risk for nutritional deficiency?
Which group is at the highest risk for nutritional deficiency?
Why is adequate nutrition crucial for health?
Why is adequate nutrition crucial for health?
What are the three functions of nutrients as stated?
What are the three functions of nutrients as stated?
What is an important aspect of food that extends beyond its physiological value?
What is an important aspect of food that extends beyond its physiological value?
Which statement accurately reflects the interrelationship of nutrients?
Which statement accurately reflects the interrelationship of nutrients?
What can be a consequence of nutritional inadequacy, beyond physical effects?
What can be a consequence of nutritional inadequacy, beyond physical effects?
What is the role of food safety in relation to nutrition?
What is the role of food safety in relation to nutrition?
How does hyperthyroidism affect basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
How does hyperthyroidism affect basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
What is the effect of physical activity on energy expenditure?
What is the effect of physical activity on energy expenditure?
What is the primary factor that affects basal energy needs?
What is the primary factor that affects basal energy needs?
Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) represents what percentage of energy used for basal metabolism and physical activity?
Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) represents what percentage of energy used for basal metabolism and physical activity?
What characterizes underweight according to body weight standards?
What characterizes underweight according to body weight standards?
What does a high protein diet do to diet-induced thermogenesis?
What does a high protein diet do to diet-induced thermogenesis?
What is the definition of obesity based on body weight?
What is the definition of obesity based on body weight?
How is Ideal Body Weight (IBW) determined for adolescents and adults?
How is Ideal Body Weight (IBW) determined for adolescents and adults?
What is the purpose of Adequate Intake (AI)?
What is the purpose of Adequate Intake (AI)?
What does Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) indicate?
What does Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) indicate?
What do Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes (RENIs) aim to achieve?
What do Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes (RENIs) aim to achieve?
How does the Philippine Dietary Reference Intake (PDRI) derive its recommendations?
How does the Philippine Dietary Reference Intake (PDRI) derive its recommendations?
Which of the following statements about the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) is false?
Which of the following statements about the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) is false?
What significant contribution did Dr. Presentacion Perez make to nutrition education in the Philippines?
What significant contribution did Dr. Presentacion Perez make to nutrition education in the Philippines?
In what year did the first graduates in foods and nutrition complete their program?
In what year did the first graduates in foods and nutrition complete their program?
Which component is NOT part of the Philippine Dietary Reference Intake (PDRI)?
Which component is NOT part of the Philippine Dietary Reference Intake (PDRI)?
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Study Notes
Nutritional Status
- Nutritional status reflects how well-nourished the body is, determined by signs, symptoms, medical history, lab tests, imaging, and dietary intake history.
Optimum Nutrition
- Defined as having adequate essential nutrients that support maximum growth and health.
Malnutrition
- Malnutrition indicates an unhealthy state, which can stem from undernourishment or overconsumption.
- Undernutrition can arise from starvation, inadequate nutrient intake, or metabolic disorders impacting nutrition.
Forms of Malnutrition
- Undernutrition: Results from prolonged inadequate food intake (e.g., Marasmus, Kwashiorkor).
- Specific Deficiencies: Lack of crucial nutrients (e.g., Vitamin A deficiency leading to Xerophthalmia, Iron deficiency anemia).
- Overnutrition: Resulting from excessive food intake over time.
Adequate Intake (AI)
- AI is the recommended value for nutrient intake, derived from estimates of healthy individuals' intakes.
- When scientific evidence is scarce for EAR, AI serves as the guideline.
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)
- UL represents the maximum daily nutrient intake likely to cause no adverse effects in nearly all individuals.
- Intake above the UL increases the risk of negative health effects.
Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes (RENIs)
- RENIs are established energy and nutrient levels based on scientific evidence, suitable for the majority of healthy Filipinos.
- Asserts a minimum intake combined with a safety margin to accommodate individual variations.
Philippine Dietary Reference Intake (PDRI)
- The 2015 PDRI outlines dietary standards comprising EAR, REI/RNI, AI, UL, and macronutrient distribution.
Historical Milestones in Philippine Nutrition
- Dr. Presentacion Perez pioneered the four-year Foods and Nutrition program at the University of the Philippines in 1939.
- The first graduates in nutrition were produced in 1948 and recommended for dietetic internships in the USA.
Effects of Nutrition
- Prolonged overeating without increased energy expenditure can lead to obesity and associated health issues like Type 2 diabetes and certain cancers.
Vulnerable Groups for Nutritional Deficiency
- Infants, preschool children, adolescents, pregnant women, and the elderly are at heightened risk for nutritional deficiencies.
Importance of Adequate Nutrition
- Essential for overall health and well-being, influencing physical, behavioral, and mental functions.
Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos
- Emphasizes consuming safe food and water, using iodized salt, limiting unhealthy food, maintaining a healthy weight, and promoting physical activity to prevent non-communicable diseases.
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)
- RDAs are nutritional standards that include a safety margin and are higher than minimum dietary requirements to cater to individual variability.
Food Composition Table
- A resource that provides nutritional values of foods, aiding in dietary planning and ensuring sufficient nutrient intake.
Energy Expenditure
- Includes basal metabolic rate (BMR), physical activity energy expenditure (PA), and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT).
- Energy balance relies on the equation: Energy intake - Energy expenditure.
Dietary Calculations
- Steps for calculating diets: estimating ideal body weight (IBW) based on age and height to determine health compatibility and body composition.
Energy Imbalance
- Undernutrition and overweight classifications relate to body weight compared to desired or ideal body weight ranges.
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