Nutrition and Nutritional Status Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary indicator of good nutritional status?

Caloric intake only

Frequency of meals

Weight gain

Physical signs and symptoms of good nutrition (correct)

What does optimum nutrition ensure for the body?

Focus solely on carbohydrate consumption

Avoidance of all fats

Adequate supply and efficient utilization of essential nutrients (correct)

Maximum caloric intake

Which of the following describes undernutrition?

Having an imbalance of nutrients without deficiency

Consuming an inadequate quantity of food over time (correct)

Experiencing weight loss due to muscle gain

Consuming an excessive quantity of food

What condition results from a specific nutrient deficiency?

Iron deficiency anemia Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes overnutrition?

Excessive consumption of food over time Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary benefit of consuming calcium-rich foods daily?

To promote healthy bones and teeth Signup and view all the answers

Which guideline emphasizes the importance of preventing food and water-borne diseases?

Consume safe foods and water Signup and view all the answers

What dietary practice can help prevent hypertension?

Limiting salty foods Signup and view all the answers

Why are Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) set higher than the minimum dietary requirements?

To provide a margin of safety for individual variations Signup and view all the answers

What does a Food Composition Table provide?

Nutritive values of foods Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary aim of the Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intake (RENI)?

To maintain health and prevent nutrient deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle choices are recommended to help prevent non-communicable diseases?

Stay physically active and manage stress Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is essential for the nutrient content calculated from the Food Composition Table?

It should reflect seasonal differences Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of years of overeating without increased energy expenditure?

Obesity and metabolic diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which group is at the highest risk for nutritional deficiency?

Infants Signup and view all the answers

Why is adequate nutrition crucial for health?

It is essential for bodily functions and prevention of diseases Signup and view all the answers

What are the three functions of nutrients as stated?

Sources of energy, growth and repair of tissues, and regulation of life processes Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of food that extends beyond its physiological value?

Its religious and social significance Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the interrelationship of nutrients?

There must be metabolic balance among different nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of nutritional inadequacy, beyond physical effects?

Altered behavioral patterns and mental performance Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of food safety in relation to nutrition?

It ensures that food is free from contamination and safe to consume Signup and view all the answers

How does hyperthyroidism affect basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Increases it by 50-75% Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of physical activity on energy expenditure?

Increases it above basal energy needs by 15-40% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that affects basal energy needs?

Hormone secretions from the thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) represents what percentage of energy used for basal metabolism and physical activity?

5% to 10% Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes underweight according to body weight standards?

Body weight is 10% or lower than the ideal body weight (IBW) Signup and view all the answers

What does a high protein diet do to diet-induced thermogenesis?

Increases it to 15% Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of obesity based on body weight?

Weight is more than 20% over the desired body weight Signup and view all the answers

How is Ideal Body Weight (IBW) determined for adolescents and adults?

According to statistical compatibility with health and longevity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Adequate Intake (AI)?

To provide a recommended intake value when sufficient evidence for an RDA is lacking. Signup and view all the answers

What does Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) indicate?

The maximum level of intake unlikely to pose health risks. Signup and view all the answers

What do Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes (RENIs) aim to achieve?

To maintain health and well-being for almost all individuals in the population. Signup and view all the answers

How does the Philippine Dietary Reference Intake (PDRI) derive its recommendations?

By adjusting the average physiological requirements for nutrient bioavailability. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) is false?

The UL is a recommended level of intake for healthy individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What significant contribution did Dr. Presentacion Perez make to nutrition education in the Philippines?

She introduced a four-year degree program in Foods and Nutrition. Signup and view all the answers

In what year did the first graduates in foods and nutrition complete their program?

1948 Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the Philippine Dietary Reference Intake (PDRI)?

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutritional Status

Nutritional status reflects how well-nourished the body is, determined by signs, symptoms, medical history, lab tests, imaging, and dietary intake history.

Optimum Nutrition

Defined as having adequate essential nutrients that support maximum growth and health.

Malnutrition

Malnutrition indicates an unhealthy state, which can stem from undernourishment or overconsumption.
Undernutrition can arise from starvation, inadequate nutrient intake, or metabolic disorders impacting nutrition.

Forms of Malnutrition

Undernutrition: Results from prolonged inadequate food intake (e.g., Marasmus, Kwashiorkor).
Specific Deficiencies: Lack of crucial nutrients (e.g., Vitamin A deficiency leading to Xerophthalmia, Iron deficiency anemia).
Overnutrition: Resulting from excessive food intake over time.

Adequate Intake (AI)

AI is the recommended value for nutrient intake, derived from estimates of healthy individuals' intakes.
When scientific evidence is scarce for EAR, AI serves as the guideline.

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)

UL represents the maximum daily nutrient intake likely to cause no adverse effects in nearly all individuals.
Intake above the UL increases the risk of negative health effects.

Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes (RENIs)

RENIs are established energy and nutrient levels based on scientific evidence, suitable for the majority of healthy Filipinos.
Asserts a minimum intake combined with a safety margin to accommodate individual variations.

Philippine Dietary Reference Intake (PDRI)

The 2015 PDRI outlines dietary standards comprising EAR, REI/RNI, AI, UL, and macronutrient distribution.

Historical Milestones in Philippine Nutrition

Dr. Presentacion Perez pioneered the four-year Foods and Nutrition program at the University of the Philippines in 1939.
The first graduates in nutrition were produced in 1948 and recommended for dietetic internships in the USA.

Effects of Nutrition

Prolonged overeating without increased energy expenditure can lead to obesity and associated health issues like Type 2 diabetes and certain cancers.

Vulnerable Groups for Nutritional Deficiency

Infants, preschool children, adolescents, pregnant women, and the elderly are at heightened risk for nutritional deficiencies.

Importance of Adequate Nutrition

Essential for overall health and well-being, influencing physical, behavioral, and mental functions.

Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos

Emphasizes consuming safe food and water, using iodized salt, limiting unhealthy food, maintaining a healthy weight, and promoting physical activity to prevent non-communicable diseases.

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)

RDAs are nutritional standards that include a safety margin and are higher than minimum dietary requirements to cater to individual variability.

Food Composition Table

A resource that provides nutritional values of foods, aiding in dietary planning and ensuring sufficient nutrient intake.

Energy Expenditure

Includes basal metabolic rate (BMR), physical activity energy expenditure (PA), and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT).
Energy balance relies on the equation: Energy intake - Energy expenditure.

Dietary Calculations

Steps for calculating diets: estimating ideal body weight (IBW) based on age and height to determine health compatibility and body composition.

Energy Imbalance

Undernutrition and overweight classifications relate to body weight compared to desired or ideal body weight ranges.

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Description

Test your knowledge on nutrition and nutritional status, focusing on how well-nourished the human body is based on various criteria, including physical signs, dietary intake, and medical evaluations. This quiz will cover optimal nutrition and the essential nutrients necessary for health.