Nutrition and Nutritional Status Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary indicator of good nutritional status?

  • Caloric intake only
  • Frequency of meals
  • Weight gain
  • Physical signs and symptoms of good nutrition (correct)

    • What does optimum nutrition ensure for the body?

  • Focus solely on carbohydrate consumption
  • Avoidance of all fats
  • Adequate supply and efficient utilization of essential nutrients (correct)
  • Maximum caloric intake

    • Which of the following describes undernutrition?

  • Having an imbalance of nutrients without deficiency
  • Consuming an inadequate quantity of food over time (correct)
  • Experiencing weight loss due to muscle gain
  • Consuming an excessive quantity of food

    • What condition results from a specific nutrient deficiency?

    <p>Iron deficiency anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes overnutrition?

    <p>Excessive consumption of food over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary benefit of consuming calcium-rich foods daily?

    <p>To promote healthy bones and teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which guideline emphasizes the importance of preventing food and water-borne diseases?

    <p>Consume safe foods and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary practice can help prevent hypertension?

    <p>Limiting salty foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) set higher than the minimum dietary requirements?

    <p>To provide a margin of safety for individual variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Food Composition Table provide?

    <p>Nutritive values of foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary aim of the Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intake (RENI)?

    <p>To maintain health and prevent nutrient deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle choices are recommended to help prevent non-communicable diseases?

    <p>Stay physically active and manage stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is essential for the nutrient content calculated from the Food Composition Table?

    <p>It should reflect seasonal differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of years of overeating without increased energy expenditure?

    <p>Obesity and metabolic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is at the highest risk for nutritional deficiency?

    <p>Infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is adequate nutrition crucial for health?

    <p>It is essential for bodily functions and prevention of diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three functions of nutrients as stated?

    <p>Sources of energy, growth and repair of tissues, and regulation of life processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of food that extends beyond its physiological value?

    <p>Its religious and social significance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the interrelationship of nutrients?

    <p>There must be metabolic balance among different nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of nutritional inadequacy, beyond physical effects?

    <p>Altered behavioral patterns and mental performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of food safety in relation to nutrition?

    <p>It ensures that food is free from contamination and safe to consume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hyperthyroidism affect basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

    <p>Increases it by 50-75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of physical activity on energy expenditure?

    <p>Increases it above basal energy needs by 15-40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects basal energy needs?

    <p>Hormone secretions from the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) represents what percentage of energy used for basal metabolism and physical activity?

    <p>5% to 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes underweight according to body weight standards?

    <p>Body weight is 10% or lower than the ideal body weight (IBW)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high protein diet do to diet-induced thermogenesis?

    <p>Increases it to 15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of obesity based on body weight?

    <p>Weight is more than 20% over the desired body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Ideal Body Weight (IBW) determined for adolescents and adults?

    <p>According to statistical compatibility with health and longevity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Adequate Intake (AI)?

    <p>To provide a recommended intake value when sufficient evidence for an RDA is lacking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) indicate?

    <p>The maximum level of intake unlikely to pose health risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes (RENIs) aim to achieve?

    <p>To maintain health and well-being for almost all individuals in the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Philippine Dietary Reference Intake (PDRI) derive its recommendations?

    <p>By adjusting the average physiological requirements for nutrient bioavailability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) is false?

    <p>The UL is a recommended level of intake for healthy individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant contribution did Dr. Presentacion Perez make to nutrition education in the Philippines?

    <p>She introduced a four-year degree program in Foods and Nutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the first graduates in foods and nutrition complete their program?

    <p>1948</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the Philippine Dietary Reference Intake (PDRI)?

    <p>Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nutritional Status

    • Nutritional status reflects how well-nourished the body is, determined by signs, symptoms, medical history, lab tests, imaging, and dietary intake history.

    Optimum Nutrition

    • Defined as having adequate essential nutrients that support maximum growth and health.

    Malnutrition

    • Malnutrition indicates an unhealthy state, which can stem from undernourishment or overconsumption.
    • Undernutrition can arise from starvation, inadequate nutrient intake, or metabolic disorders impacting nutrition.

    Forms of Malnutrition

    • Undernutrition: Results from prolonged inadequate food intake (e.g., Marasmus, Kwashiorkor).
    • Specific Deficiencies: Lack of crucial nutrients (e.g., Vitamin A deficiency leading to Xerophthalmia, Iron deficiency anemia).
    • Overnutrition: Resulting from excessive food intake over time.

    Adequate Intake (AI)

    • AI is the recommended value for nutrient intake, derived from estimates of healthy individuals' intakes.
    • When scientific evidence is scarce for EAR, AI serves as the guideline.

    Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)

    • UL represents the maximum daily nutrient intake likely to cause no adverse effects in nearly all individuals.
    • Intake above the UL increases the risk of negative health effects.
    • RENIs are established energy and nutrient levels based on scientific evidence, suitable for the majority of healthy Filipinos.
    • Asserts a minimum intake combined with a safety margin to accommodate individual variations.

    Philippine Dietary Reference Intake (PDRI)

    • The 2015 PDRI outlines dietary standards comprising EAR, REI/RNI, AI, UL, and macronutrient distribution.

    Historical Milestones in Philippine Nutrition

    • Dr. Presentacion Perez pioneered the four-year Foods and Nutrition program at the University of the Philippines in 1939.
    • The first graduates in nutrition were produced in 1948 and recommended for dietetic internships in the USA.

    Effects of Nutrition

    • Prolonged overeating without increased energy expenditure can lead to obesity and associated health issues like Type 2 diabetes and certain cancers.

    Vulnerable Groups for Nutritional Deficiency

    • Infants, preschool children, adolescents, pregnant women, and the elderly are at heightened risk for nutritional deficiencies.

    Importance of Adequate Nutrition

    • Essential for overall health and well-being, influencing physical, behavioral, and mental functions.

    Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos

    • Emphasizes consuming safe food and water, using iodized salt, limiting unhealthy food, maintaining a healthy weight, and promoting physical activity to prevent non-communicable diseases.
    • RDAs are nutritional standards that include a safety margin and are higher than minimum dietary requirements to cater to individual variability.

    Food Composition Table

    • A resource that provides nutritional values of foods, aiding in dietary planning and ensuring sufficient nutrient intake.

    Energy Expenditure

    • Includes basal metabolic rate (BMR), physical activity energy expenditure (PA), and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT).
    • Energy balance relies on the equation: Energy intake - Energy expenditure.

    Dietary Calculations

    • Steps for calculating diets: estimating ideal body weight (IBW) based on age and height to determine health compatibility and body composition.

    Energy Imbalance

    • Undernutrition and overweight classifications relate to body weight compared to desired or ideal body weight ranges.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on nutrition and nutritional status, focusing on how well-nourished the human body is based on various criteria, including physical signs, dietary intake, and medical evaluations. This quiz will cover optimal nutrition and the essential nutrients necessary for health.

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