Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the study of nutrition?
What is the study of nutrition?
The study of how food nourishes the body, including how nutrients are handled and the impact of behavior and environment on nourishment.
Which nutrients are essential for the body's growth, development, and recovery from illness or injury?
Which nutrients are essential for the body's growth, development, and recovery from illness or injury?
Which of the following are considered macronutrients?
Which of the following are considered macronutrients?
Which of these nutrients supply energy to the body?
Which of these nutrients supply energy to the body?
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What is the optimal weight recommended for optimal health?
What is the optimal weight recommended for optimal health?
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If a person's energy intake exceeds their energy expenditure, they will lose weight.
If a person's energy intake exceeds their energy expenditure, they will lose weight.
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Which of the following is considered a more reliable indicator of ideal body weight by health professionals?
Which of the following is considered a more reliable indicator of ideal body weight by health professionals?
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The formula for calculating BMI is ______
The formula for calculating BMI is ______
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What are some of the physical factors influencing nutrition?
What are some of the physical factors influencing nutrition?
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What is the term used to describe a period of intense growth and development?
What is the term used to describe a period of intense growth and development?
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How can illness or trauma affect nutrient requirements?
How can illness or trauma affect nutrient requirements?
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Some medications can alter taste buds, potentially affecting food choices and intake.
Some medications can alter taste buds, potentially affecting food choices and intake.
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Which sociocultural and psychosocial factors can influence food choices?
Which sociocultural and psychosocial factors can influence food choices?
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The USDA dietary guidelines recommend maximizing the consumption of foods with added sugars and fats.
The USDA dietary guidelines recommend maximizing the consumption of foods with added sugars and fats.
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What are some ways to improve nutritional status?
What are some ways to improve nutritional status?
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Vitamin D is important for the synthesis of calcium, which is crucial for bone health.
Vitamin D is important for the synthesis of calcium, which is crucial for bone health.
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What is the primary purpose of fiber in the diet?
What is the primary purpose of fiber in the diet?
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What are some ways to reduce the risk of foodborne illness?
What are some ways to reduce the risk of foodborne illness?
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What is considered a sign of overnutrition or obesity?
What is considered a sign of overnutrition or obesity?
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What are some of the nursing interventions used for managing nutrition?
What are some of the nursing interventions used for managing nutrition?
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What is the primary purpose of anthropometric data in assessing nutrition?
What is the primary purpose of anthropometric data in assessing nutrition?
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What is the primary purpose of a NPO diet?
What is the primary purpose of a NPO diet?
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What is the primary benefit of a soft diet?
What is the primary benefit of a soft diet?
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What is the primary characteristic of a pureed diet?
What is the primary characteristic of a pureed diet?
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The ADA diet focuses on controlling total calories and carbohydrate intake.
The ADA diet focuses on controlling total calories and carbohydrate intake.
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What are the main components of a renal diet?
What are the main components of a renal diet?
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What is the primary difference between enteral and parenteral nutrition?
What is the primary difference between enteral and parenteral nutrition?
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Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is administered intravenously through a central vein.
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is administered intravenously through a central vein.
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Which of these is a potential risk associated with parenteral nutrition?
Which of these is a potential risk associated with parenteral nutrition?
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Peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) is typically used to prevent nutritional imbalance rather than correct it.
Peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) is typically used to prevent nutritional imbalance rather than correct it.
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What is the primary reason for using a nasogastric tube for enteral feeding?
What is the primary reason for using a nasogastric tube for enteral feeding?
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Which enteral feeding tube is surgically placed directly into the stomach?
Which enteral feeding tube is surgically placed directly into the stomach?
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Study Notes
Learning Objectives
- Explain concepts and principles related to medication administration and basic physiological needs of patients regarding nutrition.
Nutrition
- Study of how food nourishes the body.
- Includes the study of how nutrients are handled by the body.
- Considers the impact of human behavior and environment on nourishment.
Nutrients
- Specific biochemical substances used by the body.
- Essential for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation and health maintenance/recovery.
- Must be provided in the diet or through supplements.
- Supply energy and build tissue.
Macronutrients
- Water
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
- Protein
Micronutrients
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Required in smaller amounts to regulate and control body processes
- Needed in milligrams or micrograms
Body Mass and Body Weight
- Ideal body weight (IBW): Optimal weight recommended for optimal health.
- If energy intake does not equal energy expenditure, weight fluctuates.
- Body mass index (BMI): More reliable indicator by health professionals.
- More preferred method to establish ideal body weight for adults and children.
- Measurement of waist circumference (adults only).
BMI Interpretation
- BMI < 18.5: Below normal weight
- BMI ≥ 18.5 and < 25: Normal weight
- BMI ≥ 25 and < 30: Overweight
- BMI ≥ 30 and < 35: Class I Obesity
- BMI ≥ 35 and < 40: Class II Obesity
- BMI ≥ 40: Class III Obesity
Factors Influencing Nutrition: Physiological and Physical Factors
- Stage of Development: Periods of intense growth (infancy, adolescence, pregnancy, lactation) increase nutrition needs.
- State of Health: Illness and trauma alter nutrient requirements depending on intensity and duration of stress. (e.g., sickness, taste alteration)
Factors Influencing Nutrition: Medications
- Some medications change taste buds.
- Change the pH of the GI tract.
- Increase GI motility.
- Damage intestinal mucosa.
- Bind with nutrients, making them unavailable to the body.
Factors Influencing Nutrition: Socio-Cultural and Psychosocial Factors
- Economics
- Culture and religion (influence permissible food choices)
- Tradition and food ideology
- Education
- Social status
Nutritional Assessment: Dietary History
- Dietary assessment
- Medical assessment
- Socioeconomic assessment
Nutritional Assessment: Physical Assessments
- Focus on skin, hair, nails, eyes, and mucosa.
- Support with lab tests and dietary data.
Nutritional Assessment: Laboratory Data
- Serum proteins (prealbumin, total protein)
- Hemoglobin and hematocrit
- BUN and creatinine
- Low albumin indicates high risk for skin breakdown; this declines with age.
Nutritional Assessment: Nutritional Status Factors
- Usual dietary intake
- Food allergies or intolerances
- Food preparation and storage
- Eating disorder patterns
Dietary Guidelines USDA
- Shift to plant-based foods.
- Reduce foods with added sugars and fats.
- Exercise regularly.
- Consume foods daily with vitamins D, calcium, potassium, and fiber.
Altered Nutrition:
- Malnutrition
- Overweight/Obesity (20% above ideal weight or BMI 30+)
Nursing Interventions
- Screen patients for nutritional risk at home.
- Observe intake and appetite.
- Evaluate patient tolerance.
- Assist with eating.
- Administer enteral and parenteral feedings.
- Consult with dietitian and physician.
- Address potential drug-nutrient reactions.
- Provide more food if needed.
- Monitor food brought in by visitors.
- Participate in nutrition education.
Special Diets
- Nothing by Mouth (NPO): Restricted oral food and fluid intake (before surgery, procedures, or tests).
- Soft Diet: Easily chewed, swallowed, and digested foods (promotes mechanical digestion).
- Pureed Diet: Foods blended to a thick consistency.
- American Diabetic Association (ADA) Balanced Meals: Balanced meals based on total calories and carb count (45-60 grams/meal).
Other Relevant Information
- Enteral Nutrition: Liquid formula delivered to the GI tract (bypassing the mouth). Used for patients with a functioning GI tract but issues with swallowing.
- Parenteral Nutrition: (TPN, IV hyperalimentation) Delivering nutrients intravenously (high flow central veins) used for those with severe nutritional issues, conditions, or where GI tract is unable to function.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to nutrition, medication administration, and the physiological needs of patients. Learn about macronutrients and micronutrients, their roles in health, and the importance of diet in patient care. Explore the relationship between body mass, body weight, and overall well-being.
