3-Surgical Metabolism

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Which nutrient is primarily considered as the fuel source for the brain?

Glycerol

Ketone bodies (correct)

Amino acids

Fatty acids

What happens to the nutritional state of hospitalized patients over time?

Nutritional state worsens with length of hospitalization (correct)

Nutritional state remains unchanged

Nutritional state fluctuates randomly

Nutritional state improves with length of hospitalization

How are nutritional parameters reported in modern hospitals compared to low-grade hospitals?

More accurate in low-grade hospitals

More accurately reported in modern hospitals (correct)

Equally accurate in both types of hospitals

Less accurate in modern hospitals

Which of the following conditions characterizes Kwashiorkor?

Severe protein deficiency with adequate calorie intake Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of malnutrition during hospitalization?

Impaired utilization of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which is a defining characteristic of Marasmus?

Results from extensive caloric and protein deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What does prolonged malnutrition often lead to in hospitalized patients?

Increased risk of infections Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the condition of malnutrition in modern healthcare?

Malnutrition is frequently overlooked despite being common Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to be a consequence of decreased absorption of water and electrolytes in the colon of malnourished patients?

Possible cause of diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the nutritional assessment for diagnosing malnutrition?

Immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely state associated with inadequate nutrient intake over an extended period?

Hypermetabolic state Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological function may be altered due to changes in the intestinal barrier?

Altered absorptive function Signup and view all the answers

What could be a result of reduced glomerular filtration in malnourished patients?

Increased morbidity and mortality Signup and view all the answers

In the context of malnutrition, what is true about Marasmus?

It results from inadequate intake over time. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the effects of malnutrition on hospital stays?

Extended hospital stays associated with complications Signup and view all the answers

What effect does malnutrition have on immune functions?

Weakens immune functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason malnutrition is rare in modern hospitals in developed countries?

Improved healthcare systems and facilities Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of hospitalized patients in underdeveloped countries show evidence of malnutrition?

Up to 80% Signup and view all the answers

How is chronic malnutrition referred to in adults?

Cachexia Signup and view all the answers

Which option is a characteristic of marasmus?

Progressive decrease in metabolism Signup and view all the answers

In the context of treatment, what is emphasized for individuals with malnutrition?

Standard nutrition support Signup and view all the answers

What does a mixed/polydeficient state indicate in terms of clinical course?

Symptoms of chronic malnutrition with stress Signup and view all the answers

How is protein energy malnutrition best defined?

Chronic malnutrition resulting from inadequate nutrient intake Signup and view all the answers

What typically exacerbates the condition of a patient with chronic malnutrition?

Stressful events like surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments is NOT typically recommended for malnourished patients?

Immediate intravenous hydration only Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical implication of untreated malnutrition over time?

Decreased metabolic rates leading to complications Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of marasmus?

Normal or reduced metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is typically associated with marasmus?

Impaired nutrient delivery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of marasmus?

Major surgery Signup and view all the answers

How can the nutritional status of a patient be accurately assessed?

With a thorough physical examination and history taking Signup and view all the answers

Patients with marasmus often exhibit which type of catabolism?

Compensated protein catabolism Signup and view all the answers

What complicates the nutritional delivery in patients with marasmus?

Gut obstruction or inflammation Signup and view all the answers

In assessing marasmus, what aspect of protein metabolism is crucial?

Compensated protein catabolism Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the nutritional defect in marasmus is accurate?

Nutritional defect relates to impaired nutrient delivery Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes marasmus?

Marasmus is associated with impaired delivery of nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the conditions related to malnutrition screening tools?

Survey methods used in screening tools are easily accessible. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of kwashiorkor?

It is linked to impaired nutrient delivery. Signup and view all the answers

Which weight change criteria indicate a significant risk of malnutrition?

Weight loss of 10% or more over 6 months. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these scenarios is most likely to lead to marasmus?

Long-term inadequate oral intake. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern associated with an inadequate intake of a balanced diet in adults?

Reduced protein storage capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is cachexia most commonly associated with?

Inadequate energy and protein intake Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes kwashiorkor?

Acute malnutrition associated with rapid protein needs Signup and view all the answers

In surgical patients, what usually triggers acute malnutrition?

Enhanced metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant indicator of severe malnutrition?

Weight loss over 20% in the past three months Signup and view all the answers

What consequence may arise if a malnourished patient does not receive adequate nutrition therapy?

Impaired immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with increased energy and protein needs in patients experiencing acute malnutrition?