3-Surgical Metabolism

A condition where the body's nutritional needs are not met due to a lack of intake of essential nutrients, primarily protein and energy, over a prolonged period.

The state of having insufficient protein and energy in the body, leading to a decline in overall health and functionality.

A severe form of malnutrition that happens gradually over time, characterized by a significant loss of muscle mass and body fat, resulting in a thin and emaciated appearance.

A type of malnutrition that occurs when there is a sudden and significant lack of nutrients, often due to a stressful event like surgery or burns.

A condition where the body adapts to prolonged nutritional insufficiency by decreasing its metabolic rate to conserve energy and protein stores.

A state of severe muscle wasting and weakness that occurs with chronic malnutrition, particularly in adults.

A type of malnutrition that combines features of both chronic and acute malnutrition, characterized by a combination of symptoms from both types.

The course of treatment for malnutrition will vary depending on the severity and cause of the condition, with a focus on replenishing nutrients, managing complications, and addressing underlying illnesses.

The likelihood of a successful outcome in treating malnutrition is dependent on factors such as the severity of the condition, the presence of complicating factors, and the effectiveness of the treatment provided.

A state of being malnourished and needing nutritional intervention.

The intestine is directly impacted, leading to changes in its function. This includes impaired absorption of nutrients, altered digestion, and a weakened immune system.

The colon's ability to absorb water and electrolytes is reduced, leading to increased secretion. This can contribute to diarrhea in malnourished individuals.

The process of filtering waste products in the kidneys is reduced.

The heart's ability to pump blood effectively is weakened.

Malnutrition leads to increased vulnerability to infections and diseases, making the body more susceptible to sickness.

The risk of death is higher in malnourished individuals due to weakened immunity and compromised organ function.

The patient's metabolic rate remains normal, unlike other forms of malnutrition where metabolic rates are high.

A condition characterized by a deficiency of essential nutrients, causing impaired physical and cognitive development. It can result from inadequate intake, malabsorption, or increased nutrient requirements, leading to various health consequences.

The primary fuel source for the brain, essential for energy production and metabolic processes.

Specialized molecules that serve as an alternative energy source for the brain during extended periods of fasting or starvation. They are produced in the liver from fatty acids when glucose supplies are limited.

A severe form of malnutrition characterized by a chronic deficiency of protein and calories, resulting in wasting of muscle tissue and impaired growth. Often associated with edema and skin lesions.

The breakdown of muscle protein to provide amino acids for energy production when the body's energy stores are depleted. This process is often activated during starvation or other stress conditions.

A compensated state of protein catabolism occurs when the body can effectively access and utilize protein to maintain energy balance and prevent further muscle wasting. This is typically seen in individuals with adequate dietary protein intake and stable energy requirements.

An uncompensated state of protein catabolism occurs when the body's ability to access and utilize protein for energy is compromised, resulting in accelerated muscle wasting and severe nutritional deficiencies. This is often seen in individuals with severe illness, trauma, or inadequate dietary protein intake.

A state where a person is too heavy for their height due to an imbalance between energy consumed and energy expended.

The increased metabolic rate experienced by the body during stress, leading to higher energy and protein requirements.

The condition where the body struggles to heal properly due to insufficient nutrition, leading to prolonged recovery times.

The diminished ability of the body to fight off infections due to malnutrition, making the individual more susceptible to diseases.

Significant weight loss exceeding 20% of body weight within three months, often a symptom of severe malnutrition.

A condition affecting many patients, even in well-equipped institutions, where nutritional needs are not met, leading to negative consequences.

Screening tools are typically quick and easy to administer, often involving surveys or questionnaires, to identify individuals at risk of malnutrition.

Both screening and assessment aim to identify nutritional issues early and reduce potential health complications.

The impaired delivery of nutrients in marasmus is often due to factors like intestinal atrophy, reduced absorption, and metabolic dysfunctions.

A state where the body is adequately supplied with nutrients.

A state where the body is lacking in essential nutrients.

The ability of the body to utilize available nutrients effectively.

A complex process that determines how much energy the body needs.