Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of nutrition screening?
What is the primary goal of nutrition screening?
Who can complete nutrition screening?
Who can complete nutrition screening?
What is the best method for measuring height?
What is the best method for measuring height?
What is the role of electrolytes in the body?
What is the role of electrolytes in the body?
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What is the first step in evaluating hyponatremia?
What is the first step in evaluating hyponatremia?
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What is an example of a condition that can cause hypertonic hyponatremia?
What is an example of a condition that can cause hypertonic hyponatremia?
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What is the characteristic of pseudohyponatremia?
What is the characteristic of pseudohyponatremia?
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What is the effect of excess plasma substances in pseudohyponatremia?
What is the effect of excess plasma substances in pseudohyponatremia?
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When was the mandate to screen for nutrition within 24 hours of hospital admission introduced?
When was the mandate to screen for nutrition within 24 hours of hospital admission introduced?
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Study Notes
Nutrition Screening
- Nutrition screening is the process of identifying patients, clients, or groups who may benefit from nutrition assessment and intervention by a registered dietitian (RD)
- Can be completed by non-RD clinical staff, such as nurses, MDs, and diet technicians
- The goal of nutrition screening is NOT to diagnose malnutrition, but to identify factors associated with malnutrition
Anthropometric Measurements
- Height is best measured using a stadiometer
- Problems with height measurements include:
- Decreases with age
- Illness or disability
- Surrogate measurements for height include:
- Self-reported height
- Armspan
- Supine measurement
- Knee height
Fluid and Electrolytes
- Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into positively and negatively charged ions (cations and anions) when dissolved in water
- Examples of electrolytes include:
- Sodium (Na)
- Potassium (K)
- Chloride (Cl)
- Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
- Calcium (Ca)
- Magnesium (Mg)
- Phosphorus (Phos)
- Electrolytes are important for maintaining normal cell functioning and regulating acid-base balance
- Intracellular electrolytes include K, Mg, and Phos
- Extracellular electrolytes include Na, Cl, and HCO3-
Hyponatremia: Etiology and Type
- Hyponatremia evaluation should FIRST evaluate the type based on osmolality
- Types of hyponatremia include:
- Hypertonic Hyponatremia
- High plasma osmolality (>295 mOsm/kg)
- Increase in osmotically active substances OTHER than sodium
- Example: severe hyperglycemia with dehydration
- Pseudohyponatremia (isotonic)
- Normal plasma osmolality (275-295 mOsm/kg)
- Concentration of Na in plasma is normal
- Excess plasma substances (e.g., hyperlipidemia, hyperproteinemia) expand the non-aqueous phase of plasma and decrease aqueous phase (plasma water content)
- Na normalizes once other indices are corrected
- Hypertonic Hyponatremia
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Description
This quiz covers the process of identifying patients who may benefit from nutrition assessment and intervention, including the goal and methods of nutrition screening, and factors associated with malnutrition.
