Nutrition and Malnutrition Essentials
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is classified as a honey-thick liquid?

  • Thin liquid
  • Mechanical soft solid
  • Blended fruits
  • Honey-thick liquid (correct)

Which feeding route is included in enteral feeding?

  • Oral
  • Nasogastric (correct)
  • Subcutaneous
  • Intravenous

What is an absolute contraindication for tube feeding?

  • High-output enteric fistula
  • Gastrointestinal bleeding
  • Intestinal dysmotility
  • Mechanical ileus (correct)

Which factor is NOT considered when deciding on the feeding route?

<p>Patient's age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a natural thickening agent?

<p>Rice cereal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of solid food item is classified as regular solid?

<p>Regular solid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of enteral feeding route?

<p>Intravenous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following thickeners is artificial?

<p>Starch based (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern regarding malnutrition in patients?

<p>It increases healthcare costs and risk of infections. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to the development of malnutrition?

<p>Metabolic requirements being less than intake. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should prompt a dietary consult according to red flags?

<p>Substantial unintentional weight loss. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should nutritional support be considered for a patient?

<p>Once 7 days have elapsed without sufficient oral intake. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of treating malnutrition?

<p>Complications due to the route of access. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with malnutrition?

<p>Longer hospital stay. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered optimal hydration?

<p>No complaints of thirst. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a need for nutritional intervention?

<p>Patient unable to consume at least 60% of daily nutrient needs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of enteral feeding?

<p>Clogging of the feeding tube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the findings, what effect does an orogastric tube (OGT) have on the incidence of laryngeal aspiration?

<p>Has no effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was found in the study comparing nasogastric tubes (NGT) and videofluoroscopy swallowing studies (VFSS) in children?

<p>NGT did not alter VFSS findings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of enteral feeding?

<p>Curing dysphagia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can occurr due to regurgitation or aspiration during enteral feeding?

<p>Nausea and vomiting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect might nasogastric tubes have during swallowing according to the study's findings?

<p>Increase the risk of respiratory compromise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the complications of enteral feeding is true?

<p>Delivery sets can be contaminated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the findings, how does an orogastric tube affect aspiration incidence?

<p>Has no effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Malnutrition Definition

A condition caused by a lack of essential nutrients, either because they aren't consumed enough or the body can't use them efficiently.

Malnutrition Consequences

Malnutrition leads to increased healthcare costs, poorer health outcomes, longer hospital stays, higher infection risk, slower recovery, and higher mortality.

Malnutrition Triggers

Malnutrition can occur when metabolic needs exceed intake, nutrient intake is reduced, nutrient needs increase, or the body has trouble absorbing nutrients.

Red Flags for Dietary Consult

Significant changes in weight (unintentional loss), dehydration (rapid weight loss, thirst, skin changes), and decreased urination are red flags requiring a dietician's evaluation.

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Nutritional Support Timing

Consider nutritional support if a patient can't meet 60% of their daily nutrient needs or hasn't reached sufficient oral intake for 7 days.

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Nutritional Support Goal

Appropriate nutritional intervention prevents malnutrition and speeds up patient recovery, though complications might arise.

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Dysphagia Nutrition Concern

People with difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) need careful nutritional attention to prevent inadequate nutrient intake and related health issues.

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Weight Trend Concern

Significant unintentional weight loss and suboptimal hydration, marked by rapid weight loss, are warning signs of malnutrition and warrant consideration of nutritional support.

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Oral Feeding Consistencies

Different thicknesses of food for oral consumption, ranging from thin liquids to regular solids.

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IDDSI

International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative, a system for standardizing food consistencies for people with swallowing issues.

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Thickeners

Substances used to adjust the consistency of liquids for easier consumption (and prevent aspiration.)

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Non-Oral Feeding Routes

Methods of providing nutrition when oral intake is not possible or safe

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Enteral Feeding

The delivery of nutrients directly into the gastrointestinal tract via a tube.

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Parenteral Feeding

The delivery of nutrients directly into the bloodstream.

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Contraindications of Tube Feeding

Medical reasons that prevent the use of a feeding tube.

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Feeding Route Decision

Choosing the best way to deliver nutrition based on the person's condition and needs.

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Enteral Feeding Methods

Methods to provide nutrition through the digestive tract, bypassing the mouth. Includes blenderized food, commercially prepared enteral feeds, and bolus or continuous drip feeds.

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Enteral Feeding Complications

Potential issues that can occur with enteral feeding, including tube clogging, accidental tube removal, local irritation, wound infection, formula contamination, abdominal discomfort, bloating, cramping, nausea, and vomiting.

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OGT Aspiration Risk

A study found that orogastric tubes (OGT) do not increase the risk of aspiration into the lungs during swallowing.

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NGT & VFSS Findings

A study showed that nasogastric tubes (NGT) do not alter swallowing function as seen on videofluoroscopy (VFSS), but may increase the risk of respiratory compromise during aspiration.

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VFSS: What is it?

Videofluoroscopy swallowing study (VFSS) uses X-rays to visualize swallowing function, allowing doctors to assess problems and guide treatment.

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VFSS: What does it show?

VFSS can show signs of swallowing difficulty, such as incoordination, reflux, pooling of food, penetration, or aspiration. This helps determine the cause and best interventions.

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Aspiration: What is it?

Aspiration occurs when food or liquid goes down the wrong tube (windpipe) instead of the esophagus, leading to potential health complications.

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Respiratory Compromise

Difficulty breathing or oxygen levels dropping due to aspiration. It can be a serious consequence of swallowing dysfunction.

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Study Notes

ABCs of Nutrition

  • Malnutrition is a pathological condition from the absence of essential nutrients.
  • Malnutrition leads to increased healthcare costs, impaired health outcomes, longer hospital stays, higher infection risk, impaired recovery, and higher mortality rates.
  • Malnutrition develops when metabolic needs exceed intake, intake is reduced, or nutrient absorption is impacted.

Why be concerned about nutrition in dysphagia?

  • Significant weight loss and hydration changes warrant a formal dietary consult.
  • Suboptimal dehydration; symptoms such as rapid weight loss, thirst, skin changes, decreased urination, and hypernatremia require dietary intervention.
  • A dietician is consulted if weight management goals are not met.

Malnutrition

  • Many illnesses and complications, secondary to primary diseases, are linked to reduced nutrition and weight loss.
  • Nutritional support is considered if a patient doesn't achieve sufficient oral intake for seven days.
  • Nutritional support is also considered if patients are unable to consume at least 60% of their estimated daily nutrient needs.

Nutritional Support

  • Timely intervention prevents malnutrition and promotes recovery.
  • Treating malnutrition can cause complications via the method of access.

Oral Feeding: Consistencies

  • Oral feeding consistencies include liquids (thin, nectar-thick, honey-thick) and solids (puree, mechanical soft, regular).

IDDSI

  • The International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) provides a common terminology to describe food textures and drink thickness for safety.
  • The IDDSI framework categorizes foods from liquids to solids.
  • Thickening agents are discussed for certain foods as needed.

Thickeners

  • Natural and artificial thickening agents are important considerations.

Non-Oral Feeding Routes

  • Non-oral feeding solutions include enteral (OG, NG, GT, JTube, ND, NJ) and parenteral feedings.
  • Gastrostomy and jejunostomy tubes are examples of tube feedings.

Contraindications of Tube Feeding

  • Concerns include Gl function problems like mechanical or paralytic ileus; intestinal obstruction/perforation and other issues such as dysmotility, necrotizing enterocolitis, toxic megacolon, diffuse peritonitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, high-output fistula.

Feeding Route

  • Feeding route decisions are based on underlying diseases, the GI tract's functional status, and the enteral feeding's duration and purpose.

What goes through the tube?

  • Feeding through a tube can include blenderized food, commercially prepared enteral feeds, and bolus or continuous drip feeds.

Complications

  • Tube feeding complications include: clogging, accidental tube removal, infection, abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and regurgitation or aspiration.

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ABCs of Nutrition PDF

Description

Explore the critical aspects of nutrition, including the implications of malnutrition on health and recovery. This quiz covers the importance of dietary consultation in conditions such as dysphagia and highlights the symptoms and risks associated with inadequate nutrient intake. Understand the role of nutritional support in healthcare.

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