KIN 275 Term Test 1

Classes of Nutrients

• Six classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
• Carbohydrates can be classified into simple and complex forms, including sugars and starches.

AMDRs

• Acronym AMDR stands for Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges, which guide the percentage of calories from macronutrients.

Dietary Assessment Methods

• 24-hour dietary recall method involves individuals recounting all food and drink consumed in the past 24 hours.
• Food frequency questionnaires assess habitual intake over longer periods.

Gastrin and Digestive Function

• Main function of gastrin is to stimulate the secretion of gastric acid in the stomach, aiding in digestion.

Bile Production

• The liver is responsible for producing bile to facilitate fat digestion.

Nutrients of Concern

• Reducing sugar consumption is a nutrient of concern for Canadians, aimed at lowering health risks.

ABCD's Nutritional Assessment

• Purpose of the ABCD’s assessment is to evaluate nutritional status through Anthropometric, Biochemical, Clinical, and Dietary methods.

Large Intestine Role

• Primary function of the large intestine includes water reabsorption and formation of feces.
• The large intestine also plays a role in fermentation of undigested food.

Refining Carbohydrates

• Purpose of refining carbohydrates is to remove fiber, vitamins, and minerals, often resulting in higher glycemic index foods.

Class of Nutrients

• Class of nutrients that includes both free/added sugars and nonnutritive sweeteners is carbohydrates.

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

• Purpose of DRIs is to provide nutrient intake goals to prevent deficiencies and support overall health.

Food Energy Calculations

• A small bag of chips containing 3g protein, 21g carbohydrate, and 14g fat yields approximately 188 kcal.
• A slice of bread with 1 tbsp of peanut butter comprises 16g carbohydrate, 7g protein, and 9g fat; approximately 38% of energy comes from fat.

Nutrition Recommendations

• Nutrition recommendations were developed to promote health and prevent chronic diseases.

Elderly Health Assessment

• Dietary Reference Intakes' RDA represents sufficient intakes to meet nutritional needs for 97% of healthy individuals.

Vitamin C Assessment

• Max’s Vitamin C average intake of 100 mg/day exceeds the EAR (75 mg) and meets the RDA (90 mg), indicating adequate intake.

GI Tract Steps

• GI tract and accessory organs coordinate in six steps: ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation.

Nutritional Classification

• Nutrients can be classified by structure, function, and source.

Dietary Assessment Reasons

• Individuals seek dietary assessment for health improvement, weight management, or to address nutrient deficiencies.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

• Body Mass Index is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared (kg/m²).

GI Tract Layers

• Layers of the GI tract include mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.

Oral Cavity Functions

• Functions of the oral cavity in digestion include mechanical breakdown (mastication), initial carbohydrate digestion, and mixing food with saliva.

Mastication and Peristalsis

• Mastication refers to the mechanical process of chewing food.
• Peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Stomach Functions and Regions

• Four functions of the stomach include food storage, mixing food with gastric secretions, digestion, and eventual release to the small intestine.
• Four regions of the stomach are the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus.

Gastric Mixture

• Ingested foods combine with gastric juices to become chyme.

Enzyme Matching

• Different enzymes aid in digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, helping break down food.

Canada Food Guide 2019

• Emphasizes increased consumption of plant-based foods and reduction of processed food intake for better health.

Health Promotion

• Health promotion enables individuals to enhance control and improve their overall health through informed choices.