Nutrition and Body Response Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main definition of the cardiac cycle?

The process of oxygen exchange in lungs
The phase of blood vessel dilation
The rhythmic flow of blood in veins
The contraction and relaxation of the heart (correct)

Which phases are included in the cardiac cycle?

Atrial contraction and atrial filling
Systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) (correct)
Oxygenation and carbon dioxide release
Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation

What does systolic blood pressure specifically measure?

Rate of blood flow from the heart
Pressure during relaxation of the heart
Pressure exerted by blood during heart contraction (correct)
Total blood volume in the body

Diastolic blood pressure indicates pressure during which phase concerning the heart?

During relaxation of the heart (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct instrument used for measuring blood pressure?

Sphygmomanometer (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the pressure in arteries typically compare to that in veins?

Higher in arteries than in veins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the normal range for systolic blood pressure?

120 mm Hg (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal diastolic blood pressure typically regarded as?

80 mm Hg (B) Signup and view all the answers

What best defines the behaviors associated with anorexia nervosa?

Severe weight loss, distorted body image, and intense fear of gaining weight (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the recognized subtypes of anorexia nervosa?

Restricting subtype and binge eating/purging subtype (D) Signup and view all the answers

Can a person with anorexia nervosa change subtypes during their illness?

Yes, they are able to shift between subtypes over time (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes bulimia nervosa?

Engaging in binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like vomiting (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are typical compensatory behaviors associated with bulimia nervosa?

Excessive exercise, misuse of laxatives, and fasting methods (D) Signup and view all the answers

What accurately describes binge eating disorder?

Episodes of eating large quantities of food with a feeling of loss of control (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is least characteristic of an individual with anorexia nervosa?

Recurrent episodes of binge eating (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributes to bulimia nervosa?

Episodes of overeating followed by self-induced vomiting (C) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does intake restriction have on the body?

It leads to adaptive thermogenesis, causing weight loss plateaus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates hunger and increases body weight?

Ghrelin (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone promotes satiety by diminishing appetite?

Leptin (A) Signup and view all the answers

Body composition refers to:

The proportion of fat to non-fat mass in the body (D) Signup and view all the answers

Hydrodensitometry is also known as:

Underwater weighing (C) Signup and view all the answers

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) measures body composition based on:

Speed of an electrical current (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does body fat affect an electrical current in BIA?

Fat slows down the electrical current due to greater resistance (A) Signup and view all the answers

Air-Displacement Plethysmography (BodPod) is used to assess:

Body composition using air displacement (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal blood pressure reading?

120/80 mm Hg (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by high blood pressure?

Hypertension (D) Signup and view all the answers

What types of hypertension exist?

Primary and secondary (A) Signup and view all the answers

What causes primary (essential) hypertension?

Caused by inflammatory responses and influenced by lifestyle (D) Signup and view all the answers

Secondary hypertension can be attributed to what?

Chronic conditions such as kidney, vascular, or endocrine issues (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hypertension on blood vessels?

Narrows and restricts them, reducing blood flow (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of kidney blood vessel damage due to hypertension?

They impair the ability to remove waste and fluids from the body (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does being overweight impact heart function?

Extra strain is placed on the heart (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lifestyle or social factors is linked to malnutrition in older adults?

Isolation, financial issues, and lack of transportation access (B) Signup and view all the answers

Muscle wasting in older adults primarily indicates which of the following?

A deficiency in energy and protein (A) Signup and view all the answers

Skin xerosis and bruising in older adults may indicate deficiencies in which nutrients?

Vitamins A, C, and K (A) Signup and view all the answers

Hair thinning and changes in pigmentation may suggest deficiencies in:

Energy, protein, and vitamins A, B, and E (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended energy distribution for a high-energy diet?

30% fat, at least 12-15% protein (C) Signup and view all the answers

Individuals predisposed to eating disorders typically:

Strictly diet and can develop psychological and medical issues (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recognized risk factor for eating disorders?

Mental health disorders and environmental factors (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which childhood factor can increase the risk of developing eating disorders?

Childhood obesity or large body size and early puberty (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Effects of Intake Restriction

Adaptive thermogenesis occurs, leading to weight loss plateaus when intake is restricted.
Increased hunger hormone (ghrelin) stimulates appetite and body weight.
Leptin promotes satiety, reducing hunger.

Body Composition

Body composition indicates the proportion of fat to non-fat mass in the body.
Hydrodensitometry, also known as underwater weighing, assesses body composition by water displacement.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) measures body composition based on electrical current speed; fat increases resistance, slowing the current.

Assessment Techniques

Air-Displacement Plethysmography (BodPod) evaluates body composition through air volume changes in a closed chamber.
Common lifestyle factors contributing to malnutrition in older adults include isolation and financial issues.

Nutritional Deficiencies

Muscle wasting in older adults suggests deficiencies in energy and protein.
Skin issues like xerosis and bruising may indicate deficiencies in vitamins A, C, and K.
Hair thinning can signal deficiencies in energy, protein, and specific vitamins (A, B, E).

Recommended Diet Parameters

A high-energy diet should consist of 30% from fat and at least 12-15% from protein.
Individuals likely to develop eating disorders frequently engage in strict dieting, leading to psychological issues and health problems.

Eating Disorders

Childhood obesity or large body size and early puberty are risk factors for eating disorders.
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by excessive dieting, severe weight loss, and fear of weight gain.
Subtypes of anorexia include restricting and binge eating/purging types, with individuals potentially switching between them.

Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder

Bulimia nervosa involves binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like vomiting, with methods including laxative misuse and excessive exercise.
Binge eating disorder features recurring episodes of eating large quantities with a sense of loss of control.

Cardiovascular Knowledge

The cardiac cycle encompasses the heart's contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
Blood pressure consists of systolic pressure (pressure during contraction) and diastolic pressure (pressure during relaxation).
Normal blood pressure is defined as 120/80 mm Hg, with hypertension classified as high blood pressure.

Hypertension Types and Effects

Hypertension can be primary (essential) or secondary, with primary linked to lifestyle and secondary resulting from chronic conditions.
Hypertension narrows blood vessels, impairing blood flow and potentially damaging kidney function, leading to waste retention.

Comprehensive Treatment Plans

A hypertenative treatment plan should include weight reduction and lifestyle modifications, not solely medication.
Being overweight puts extra strain on the heart, increasing the risk of cardiac issues.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the effects of intake restriction and hormones related to hunger and weight management in this quiz. Learn how adaptive thermogenesis can influence weight loss and the role of ghrelin in stimulating appetite.