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Questions and Answers
Proteins are primary components of skin, hair, and ______.
cartilage
The Biuret test detects the ______ bonds that hold amino acids together.
peptide
In the presence of proteins, the Biuret solution turns from blue to ______.
purple
Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, and ______.
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The Sudan Red test is used to detect ______ in a solution.
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A nutrient is a substance found in food that an organism needs to live and ______.
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Carbohydrates can be classified into four categories: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and ______.
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The heated Benedict’s solution turns from blue to green, yellow, orange, and red in the presence of ______.
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Lugol’s iodine solution turns from brown to dark purple in the presence of ______.
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Proteins are long chains of ______ that are folded into a unique 3-D structure.
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Dietary fiber, an indigestible form of complex carbohydrate, helps to maintain a healthy ______ tract.
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Enzymes are proteins that catalyze and regulate ______ reactions.
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Simple sugars such as fructose will give the body a quick burst of energy but the energy will not last very ______.
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Study Notes
Nutrients
- Nutrients are substances found in food that organisms need to live and grow.
- Organic nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats), and vitamins.
- Inorganic nutrients include water, salt, and other minerals.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are classified into four categories: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- The basic building block of a carbohydrate is a ring of five or six carbon atoms bonded to H and OH groups.
- Monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose consist of a single ring.
- Disaccharides such as sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar) consist of a pair of rings.
- Oligosaccharides such as maltodextrin are composed of three to ten rings, and polysaccharides (starches, cellulose, glycogen, and others) consist of long chains of more than 40 carbon rings.
- Carbohydrates are mainly used by the body for energy.
- The more complex the carbohydrate, the longer it takes to digest.
- Simple sugars such as fructose will give the body a quick burst of energy but the energy will not last very long.
- Diets high in simple sugars are associated with obesity and diabetes.
- Dietary fiber, an indigestible form of complex carbohydrate, helps to maintain a healthy digestive tract.
- A heated Benedict’s solution turns from blue to green, yellow, orange, and red in the presence of monosaccharides.
- Lugol’s iodine solution turns from brown to dark purple in the presence of starch.
### Proteins
- Proteins are long chains of amino acids that are folded into a unique 3-D structure.
- Proteins have myriad functions in the body.
- Hemoglobin in red blood cells carries oxygen.
- Actin and myosin form the cytoskeleton that helps give cells their shape.
- These proteins are also the main components of muscle fibers.
- Enzymes are proteins that catalyze and regulate chemical reactions.
- Proteins are also primary components of skin, hair, cartilage, and many other structures in the body.
- The Biuret test detects the peptide bonds that hold amino acids together.
- In the presence of proteins, the Biuret solution (sodium hydroxide and copper (II) sulfate) turns from blue to purple.
Lipids
- Lipids are a broad group of compounds that include fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol, and others.
- The building blocks of most lipids are fatty acids, molecules that consist of an OH – C = O “head” and a long “tail” of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms.
- Lipids are found in cell membranes, the myelin that insulates nerve cells, and hormones such as steroids.
- Subcutaneous fat helps our bodies to retain heat and also provides a rich source of energy.
- If rubbed on a paper bag, lipids will turn the paper transparent.
- If a lipid solution is mixed with ethanol and water, the solution will turn cloudy and opaque.
- The lipid test used in the Identifying Nutrients Gizmo is the Sudan Red test.
- Sudan Red is a lipid-soluble dye.
- When added to a solution containing lipids, the dye will be absorbed into the lipids, resulting in concentrated spots of red color.
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Description
This quiz covers essential nutrients necessary for life, focusing on organic and inorganic types. It also delves into carbohydrates, discussing their classification and function in energy provision. Test your knowledge on the basics of nutrition and carbohydrate structures.
