Nutrición y Metabolismo
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Questions and Answers

La ______ es el proceso mediante el que incorporamos alimentos al organismo.

alimentación

Los ______ son moléculas que constituyen nuestro organismo.

nutrientes

Los ______ son azúcares que tienen funciones energéticas.

glúcidos

Las grasas ______ son de origen animal y tienen un papel importante en la dieta.

<p>saturadas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Las ______ son nutrientes imprescindibles, necesarios en pequeñas cantidades.

<p>vitaminas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Las sales ______ tienen función estructural en la formación de huesos y dientes.

<p>minerales</p> Signup and view all the answers

El ______ es la molécula más abundante en el cuerpo y actúa como el principal disolvente.

<p>agua</p> Signup and view all the answers

Las ______ son propiedades de las proteínas que les permiten desempeñar diversas funciones en el organismo.

<p>funciones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Necesitamos alimentos para obtener nutrientes que satisfagan tres tipos de necesidades energéticas: estructurales y ______.

<p>reguladoras</p> Signup and view all the answers

El metabolismo basal es la cantidad de energía que necesita el organismo para llevar a cabo procesos vitales como ______.

<p>respirar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Un gramo de gordura proporciona ______ kilocalorías.

<p>nueve</p> Signup and view all the answers

La función estructural de los nutrientes es principalmente realizada por las ______.

<p>proteínas</p> Signup and view all the answers

La dieta mediterránea está basada en el consumo de aceite de oliva, cereales, legumbres, y ______.

<p>pescados</p> Signup and view all the answers

Una dieta saludable es aquella que es ______, suministrando los nutrientes necesarios en la proporción adecuada.

<p>equilibrada</p> Signup and view all the answers

Los métodos de conservación de los alimentos incluyen la ______, que elimina el agua e impide la reproducción de los microorganismos.

<p>deshidratación</p> Signup and view all the answers

Las dietas hipocalóricas son recomendadas para ______ peso.

<p>perder</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nutrients

Molecules that make up our body and provide energy and structure. Include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.

Carbohydrates

Sugars or starches; provide energy. Simple sugars (like glucose) are quick energy; complex carbohydrates (like starch) provide sustained energy.

Lipids

Fats and oils; insoluble in water. Include fats for energy storage, insulation, and protection; and phospholipids and cholesterol for cell membranes.

Proteins

Large molecules made of amino acids, performing many functions like building tissues, regulating processes (enzymes), transporting oxygen (hemoglobin), and more.

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Vitamins

Essential organic nutrients needed in small amounts for various bodily functions. Include water-soluble and fat-soluble types.

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Minerals

Essential inorganic nutrients that support structure (like bones and teeth) and regulate metabolic processes.

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Water

The most abundant substance in the body. Essential for transporting nutrients, removing waste, and regulating body temperature.

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Nutrition

The process of obtaining nutrients from food to support bodily functions.

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Energy Needs

The body's requirements for energy, categorized into three types: energy, structural, and regulatory. Energy needs are met by carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

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Structural Needs

Components needed for body growth and maintenance. These include proteins, lipids, and minerals.

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Regulatory Needs

Substances necessary for controlling chemical processes in cells. These include vitamins and some minerals.

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Metabolism

Energy required for essential body functions (breathing, blood circulation), even when at rest.

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Food Preservation

Methods to extend the shelf life of food by inhibiting microbial growth, including refrigeration, freezing, heat treatment, vacuum sealing, dehydration, and salting.

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Calorie Value of Nutrients

The amount of energy (measured in kilocalories) provided by different food types: fat (9 kcal/gram), carbohydrates (4 kcal/gram), and protein (4 kcal/gram).

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Diet

The combination of foods a person consumes daily.

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Mediterranean Diet

A dietary pattern emphasizing olive oil, cereals, legumes, fish, vegetables, and fruits.

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