NUT 107 Demographic Structure and Health

NUT 107 Demographic Structure and Health - Course Outline

• This course, offered by Istanbul Kent University, covers demographic concepts, data sources, and population structure.
• Topics include demographic indicators, world population, population structure and change, fertility/mortality, migration and urbanization.
• A midterm and several homework presentations are included in the course schedule.
• The final exam completes the course.

Population Structure

• Population heterogeneity is a key characteristic.
• Age and gender are the most basic demographic characteristics.
• Other factors include education, occupation, ethnicity and marital status or place of residence.
• All of these characteristics impact demographic change calculations.

Gender Structure

• Women have the sole ability to give birth.
• Men have a higher mortality rate than women.
• Migration rates also differ by gender, with men more likely to migrate.

Age Structure

• Completed/Finished Age: Reflects the full years passed since birth.
• Exact Age : Calculated from the birthdate to the present, including the current age.
• Preference is given to completed age due to easier calculations.
• Common age reporting errors include unknown ages, rounding errors, and reporting inaccuracies.
• Proportional distribution is used to address unknown ages (suitable for smaller proportions).

Age Reporting Errors

• Age might be unknown due to lack of registration or low educational levels.
• Rounding up/down of ages.
• Deliberate misreporting, driven by various social or cultural factors.
• Examples: those who haven't reached military service age.

Age Rounding/Aggregation

• Preference for ages ending with 0 and 5.
• Slight clusters for ages ending with 2 and 8, less prevalent than those ending in 0 or 5.

Age Misreporting

• Aggregation is a form of age misreporting, with patterns in data collection.
• Age increasing: in societies prioritizing age as a measure of status.
• Age reduction: in contexts where marriage or military service influence reported ages.

Key Indicators for Age and Gender Structure

• Median age.
• Gender ratio.
• Dependency ratio.
• Population pyramids.

Median Age

• Divides the population into two equal groups.
• Calculated after sorting the age distribution in ascending order.
• Half fall below the median age (younger).
• Half fall above the median age (older).
• Calculating median age from classified data involves specific formulas.

Gender Structure and Proportions

• General Gender Ratio: Number of men per 100 women within a given population.
• Age-Specific Gender Ratio: Number of men per 100 women at a particular age.
• Sex Ratio at Birth: Number of boys born per 100 girls.

Dependency Ratios

• General dependency ratio indicates the size of dependent population relying on the producer group.
• Producer group (15-64).
• Consumer groups: 0-14 and those over 65.
• Child Dependency Ratio (CDR): Percentage of children under 15 relative to the 15-64 age group.
• Elderly Dependency Ratio (EDR): Percentage of elderly (over 65) relative to the 15-64 age group.
• General/Total Dependency Ratio (GDR): Combined dependent population (0-14 and over 65) related to the 15-64 group.
• Proportional dependency of total population related also to the younger and older segments for the same years.

Population Pyramid

• Visual representation of age and sex structure.
• Histogram created using bars.
• Men are normally represented on the left and women on the right side of the graph.
• Shapes signify characteristic population dynamics.
• Wide base: High fertility, increasing population.
• Narrow base: Signs of a decline in population due to low fertility and higher mortality of the older group.
• Rectangular: Stable population.

Population Policies in Turkey

• Historical policies were predominantly centered around economic stimulation.
• Incentives for larger families, banning of birth control methods were implemented in the past.
• More modern policies have shifted towards encouraging smaller families and birth control, due to factors like rapid urbanization and unemployment.
• Trends reveal a slower population growth rate and increasing median age in Turkey.
• Data and policies aim to assess various factors like mean years of schooling, educational attainment, and demographic ratios.

This quiz covers the demographic concepts and population structures discussed in the NUT 107 course at Istanbul Kent University. It explores key indicators of demographics, gender differences, age structure, and their impact on health. Prepare to test your knowledge on the relationships between these factors and population changes.