Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
- An overproduction of gastric acid leading to irritation of the esophageal lining.
- A motility disorder of the stomach that delays gastric emptying, leading to increased pressure and reflux.
- The backflow of gastric or duodenal contents into the esophagus due to an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter. (correct)
- A bacterial infection in the stomach causing inflammation and subsequent reflux.
A client reports experiencing heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia. Which condition do these manifestations most closely align with?
A client reports experiencing heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia. Which condition do these manifestations most closely align with?
- Gastric ulcer disease
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (correct)
- Gastric cancer
- Gastritis
A client with GERD is prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Which of the following mechanisms of action is characteristic of PPIs?
A client with GERD is prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Which of the following mechanisms of action is characteristic of PPIs?
- Blocking the body's signal to produce stomach acid.
- Neutralizing gastric acid to raise the pH of the stomach contents.
- Blocking the secretion of acid into the stomach. (correct)
- Coating the stomach lining to protect it from the effects of acid.
What dietary modification is most appropriate for a client newly diagnosed with GERD?
What dietary modification is most appropriate for a client newly diagnosed with GERD?
What is the primary rationale for advising a client with GERD to avoid eating or drinking two hours before bedtime?
What is the primary rationale for advising a client with GERD to avoid eating or drinking two hours before bedtime?
A client with persistent GERD is at risk for developing which of the following complications?
A client with persistent GERD is at risk for developing which of the following complications?
Which teaching point is most important for the nurse to emphasize to a client with a hiatal hernia and GERD symptoms?
Which teaching point is most important for the nurse to emphasize to a client with a hiatal hernia and GERD symptoms?
A nurse is providing education to a client about the causes of peptic ulcer disease. Which factor should the nurse include as a primary cause?
A nurse is providing education to a client about the causes of peptic ulcer disease. Which factor should the nurse include as a primary cause?
A client with a gastric ulcer reports experiencing pain shortly after eating. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to provide relief?
A client with a gastric ulcer reports experiencing pain shortly after eating. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to provide relief?
A client with a duodenal ulcer is prescribed a histamine H2-receptor antagonist. What does the nurse explain regarding the therapeutic effect?
A client with a duodenal ulcer is prescribed a histamine H2-receptor antagonist. What does the nurse explain regarding the therapeutic effect?
What dietary recommendation is most suitable for a client diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease?
What dietary recommendation is most suitable for a client diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease?
Which diagnostic procedure allows for direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum?
Which diagnostic procedure allows for direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum?
Which of the following treatments would be most appropriate for a client with peptic ulcer disease who is diagnosed with H. pylori infection?
Which of the following treatments would be most appropriate for a client with peptic ulcer disease who is diagnosed with H. pylori infection?
A client with a peptic ulcer develops sudden, severe abdominal pain, rigidity, and rebound tenderness. What complication should the nurse suspect?
A client with a peptic ulcer develops sudden, severe abdominal pain, rigidity, and rebound tenderness. What complication should the nurse suspect?
A client diagnosed with gastritis is prescribed sucralfate. How should the nurse instruct the client to take the medication?
A client diagnosed with gastritis is prescribed sucralfate. How should the nurse instruct the client to take the medication?
What is the primary pathophysiological process in gastritis?
What is the primary pathophysiological process in gastritis?
What risk factor is most closely associated with the development of gastric cancer?
What risk factor is most closely associated with the development of gastric cancer?
What symptom is commonly associated with advanced gastric cancer?
What symptom is commonly associated with advanced gastric cancer?
A client undergoing treatment for gastric cancer is scheduled for a gastrectomy. What post-operative complication is the client most at risk for developing?
A client undergoing treatment for gastric cancer is scheduled for a gastrectomy. What post-operative complication is the client most at risk for developing?
What dietary modification is most appropriate for a client experiencing dumping syndrome after a gastrectomy?
What dietary modification is most appropriate for a client experiencing dumping syndrome after a gastrectomy?
A nurse is caring for a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?
A nurse is caring for a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?
Which nursing intervention is most important to prevent complications in a client receiving enteral feedings?
Which nursing intervention is most important to prevent complications in a client receiving enteral feedings?
Which assessment finding indicates that a client is experiencing constipation?
Which assessment finding indicates that a client is experiencing constipation?
What dietary change is most effective in preventing constipation?
What dietary change is most effective in preventing constipation?
A nurse is caring for a client with diarrhea. Which intervention is most important to implement?
A nurse is caring for a client with diarrhea. Which intervention is most important to implement?
A client with diarrhea is prescribed loperamide. What does the nurse explain regarding the medication's action?
A client with diarrhea is prescribed loperamide. What does the nurse explain regarding the medication's action?
What is the primary difference between diverticulosis and diverticulitis?
What is the primary difference between diverticulosis and diverticulitis?
Which dietary modification is most appropriate for a client with diverticulitis?
Which dietary modification is most appropriate for a client with diverticulitis?
A client with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) reports alternating diarrhea and constipation. What is the primary goal of nursing care for this client?
A client with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) reports alternating diarrhea and constipation. What is the primary goal of nursing care for this client?
What diagnostic test is commonly used to diagnose IBS?
What diagnostic test is commonly used to diagnose IBS?
Which intervention should the nurse implement for a client with IBS experiencing frequent abdominal cramping?
Which intervention should the nurse implement for a client with IBS experiencing frequent abdominal cramping?
Which assessment finding is most indicative of intestinal obstruction?
Which assessment finding is most indicative of intestinal obstruction?
A client with a small bowel obstruction is receiving nasogastric suction. What nursing intervention is most important to include in the client's care plan?
A client with a small bowel obstruction is receiving nasogastric suction. What nursing intervention is most important to include in the client's care plan?
What dietary factor is most often associated with colorectal cancer?
What dietary factor is most often associated with colorectal cancer?
A client is preparing for a colostomy. What should the nurse include in the preoperative teaching to assist the client in understanding their stoma management?
A client is preparing for a colostomy. What should the nurse include in the preoperative teaching to assist the client in understanding their stoma management?
A patient had the following vital signs on admission: BP 140/80 mm Hg, pulse 72 beats/min, respirations 14 breaths/min, and temperature 98.8°F (37.1°C) orally. Which new finding should should the nurse report to the healthcare provider?
A patient had the following vital signs on admission: BP 140/80 mm Hg, pulse 72 beats/min, respirations 14 breaths/min, and temperature 98.8°F (37.1°C) orally. Which new finding should should the nurse report to the healthcare provider?
Which answer from the spouse of am ascending colostomy patient indicates correct understanding of their ostomy care?
Which answer from the spouse of am ascending colostomy patient indicates correct understanding of their ostomy care?
An elderly client reports difficulty swallowing and a feeling of food getting stuck in their chest. What condition does the nurse suspect considering the client's age and symptoms?
An elderly client reports difficulty swallowing and a feeling of food getting stuck in their chest. What condition does the nurse suspect considering the client's age and symptoms?
A client with a history of GERD is now experiencing increased salivation. What is the scientific term that the nurse needs to use in order to document this condition?
A client with a history of GERD is now experiencing increased salivation. What is the scientific term that the nurse needs to use in order to document this condition?
The nurse is reviewing the medication list for a client with GERD. Which type of medication is likely prescribed to reduce gastric acid secretion by blocking histamine H2 receptors?
The nurse is reviewing the medication list for a client with GERD. Which type of medication is likely prescribed to reduce gastric acid secretion by blocking histamine H2 receptors?
A client with GERD asks about specific foods to avoid. Besides caffeine and alcohol, which food group should the nurse recommend the client limit to minimize GERD symptoms?
A client with GERD asks about specific foods to avoid. Besides caffeine and alcohol, which food group should the nurse recommend the client limit to minimize GERD symptoms?
A nurse is teaching a client about non-pharmacological ways to reduce GERD symptoms. What is the rationale behind advising the client to avoid tight-fitting clothing?
A nurse is teaching a client about non-pharmacological ways to reduce GERD symptoms. What is the rationale behind advising the client to avoid tight-fitting clothing?
A client with long-standing GERD is scheduled for an endoscopy. What specific complication is the healthcare provider most likely assessing?
A client with long-standing GERD is scheduled for an endoscopy. What specific complication is the healthcare provider most likely assessing?
Which statement should the nurse include in the education session with a client newly diagnosed with a hiatal hernia to prevent GERD symptoms?
Which statement should the nurse include in the education session with a client newly diagnosed with a hiatal hernia to prevent GERD symptoms?
A client with peptic ulcer disease is suspected of having a H. pylori infection. Which diagnostic test will provide confirmation?
A client with peptic ulcer disease is suspected of having a H. pylori infection. Which diagnostic test will provide confirmation?
The nurse assesses a client with a gastric ulcer who reports weight loss and frequent vomiting. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to manage this client's nutritional status?
The nurse assesses a client with a gastric ulcer who reports weight loss and frequent vomiting. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to manage this client's nutritional status?
A nurse is providing education to a client with a duodenal ulcer about lifestyle modifications. What should the nurse emphasize regarding meal timing to help manage symptoms?
A nurse is providing education to a client with a duodenal ulcer about lifestyle modifications. What should the nurse emphasize regarding meal timing to help manage symptoms?
Which dietary modification should the nurse include in the teaching session for a client that has peptic ulcer disease, to avoid exacerbating symptoms?
Which dietary modification should the nurse include in the teaching session for a client that has peptic ulcer disease, to avoid exacerbating symptoms?
A client reports epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. The healthcare provider suspects peptic ulcer disease. Which diagnostic procedure will provide visualize the ulcer and obtain a biopsy if needed?
A client reports epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. The healthcare provider suspects peptic ulcer disease. Which diagnostic procedure will provide visualize the ulcer and obtain a biopsy if needed?
A client with peptic ulcer disease and a confirmed H. pylori infection asks why they need multiple medications. What is the best rationale for using multiple medications?
A client with peptic ulcer disease and a confirmed H. pylori infection asks why they need multiple medications. What is the best rationale for using multiple medications?
A client is diagnosed with advanced gastritis and microcytic anemia. What may be causing the anemia?
A client is diagnosed with advanced gastritis and microcytic anemia. What may be causing the anemia?
A client diagnosed with gastritis is prescribed sucralfate. What explanation will the nurse provide regarding the medication's mechanism of action?
A client diagnosed with gastritis is prescribed sucralfate. What explanation will the nurse provide regarding the medication's mechanism of action?
The family of a client diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer asks what puts the client at risk. What should the nurse include?
The family of a client diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer asks what puts the client at risk. What should the nurse include?
A client with gastric cancer reports loss of appetite, early satiety, and unintentional weight loss. What is the best initial nursing intervention to address this client's nutritional needs?
A client with gastric cancer reports loss of appetite, early satiety, and unintentional weight loss. What is the best initial nursing intervention to address this client's nutritional needs?
A client undergoing treatment for gastric cancer is scheduled for a gastrectomy. Postoperatively, what nursing intervention is essential to monitor regarding the risk of infection?
A client undergoing treatment for gastric cancer is scheduled for a gastrectomy. Postoperatively, what nursing intervention is essential to monitor regarding the risk of infection?
Following a partial gastrectomy, a client reports experiencing dizziness, rapid heartbeat, and sweating 30 minutes after eating. What is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention?
Following a partial gastrectomy, a client reports experiencing dizziness, rapid heartbeat, and sweating 30 minutes after eating. What is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention?
A nurse is evaluating the plan of care for a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which nursing action is most important to include in the plan?
A nurse is evaluating the plan of care for a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which nursing action is most important to include in the plan?
The nurse is starting an enteral feeding on a patient with upper GI issues. What is the best rational for checking gastric residual volumes?
The nurse is starting an enteral feeding on a patient with upper GI issues. What is the best rational for checking gastric residual volumes?
A nurse assessing a client with complaints of decreased frequency of bowel movements notices hard, dry stools. What pharmacological intervention is most appropriate?
A nurse assessing a client with complaints of decreased frequency of bowel movements notices hard, dry stools. What pharmacological intervention is most appropriate?
Which instruction is most crucial for the nurse to teach a client in order to prevent constipation?
Which instruction is most crucial for the nurse to teach a client in order to prevent constipation?
The nurse is caring for several clients with diarrhea. Which intervention takes priority when caring for these clients?
The nurse is caring for several clients with diarrhea. Which intervention takes priority when caring for these clients?
How do antidiarrheal medications, such as loperamide, work to reduce diarrhea?
How do antidiarrheal medications, such as loperamide, work to reduce diarrhea?
What accurately describes the differences between diverticulosis and diverticulitis?
What accurately describes the differences between diverticulosis and diverticulitis?
A client with diverticulitis is being discharged home. Besides avoiding nuts and seeds, which dietary adjustment is most suitable during the acute phase?
A client with diverticulitis is being discharged home. Besides avoiding nuts and seeds, which dietary adjustment is most suitable during the acute phase?
A client with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) asks the nurse how they can manage to decrease feelings of abdominal cramping. What will the nurse recommend?
A client with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) asks the nurse how they can manage to decrease feelings of abdominal cramping. What will the nurse recommend?
A client newly diagnosed with Irritable Bowel Syndrome asks "What is the best diagnostic test for IBS?". What will the nurse respond?
A client newly diagnosed with Irritable Bowel Syndrome asks "What is the best diagnostic test for IBS?". What will the nurse respond?
A client asks if food can trigger IBS, what is the correct answer?
A client asks if food can trigger IBS, what is the correct answer?
The nurse is documenting the physical assessment findings of a client who is suspected of having an intestinal obstruction. What sound is the nurse likely noting?
The nurse is documenting the physical assessment findings of a client who is suspected of having an intestinal obstruction. What sound is the nurse likely noting?
The nurse is providing care to a client with nasogastric suction. What is the likely goal of the use of nasogastric intubation?
The nurse is providing care to a client with nasogastric suction. What is the likely goal of the use of nasogastric intubation?
What is the major causes of colorectal cancer?
What is the major causes of colorectal cancer?
The nurse assesses the stoma of a client and notes that it is dark and bluish in color. What does this most likely indicates?
The nurse assesses the stoma of a client and notes that it is dark and bluish in color. What does this most likely indicates?
The nurse is asked why atrophy of the intestines is to be expected in an aging adult. How will the nurse respond?
The nurse is asked why atrophy of the intestines is to be expected in an aging adult. How will the nurse respond?
A client reports experiencing occasional constipation. What dietary instruction will the nurse include in the teaching?
A client reports experiencing occasional constipation. What dietary instruction will the nurse include in the teaching?
The newly licensed Registered Nurse asks 'What are we making sure we do when a patient has a tube feeding?'. How will the preceptor nurse respond?
The newly licensed Registered Nurse asks 'What are we making sure we do when a patient has a tube feeding?'. How will the preceptor nurse respond?
A client asks 'What is something I should expect as a normal process of my aging regarding teeth?'. What will the nurse respond?
A client asks 'What is something I should expect as a normal process of my aging regarding teeth?'. What will the nurse respond?
What are the 3 types of ostomies a nurse should know?
What are the 3 types of ostomies a nurse should know?
A client with newly diagnosed GERD is prescribed metoclopramide. Which mechanism would the nurse use to describe how this medication is helpful?
A client with newly diagnosed GERD is prescribed metoclopramide. Which mechanism would the nurse use to describe how this medication is helpful?
A client with GERD reports persistent hoarseness and a chronic cough, especially at night. What complication of GERD should the nurse suspect?
A client with GERD reports persistent hoarseness and a chronic cough, especially at night. What complication of GERD should the nurse suspect?
A client with a hiatal hernia is experiencing nocturnal GERD symptoms. What intervention will be the most effective in reducing the client's symptoms?
A client with a hiatal hernia is experiencing nocturnal GERD symptoms. What intervention will be the most effective in reducing the client's symptoms?
A client with a gastric ulcer is prescribed sucralfate. A nurse is describing when to take the medication. What is the best answer?
A client with a gastric ulcer is prescribed sucralfate. A nurse is describing when to take the medication. What is the best answer?
A client with peptic ulcer disease develops sudden, sharp abdominal pain, and the abdomen is rigid and board-like. What is the nurse's best first action?
A client with peptic ulcer disease develops sudden, sharp abdominal pain, and the abdomen is rigid and board-like. What is the nurse's best first action?
What is a primary concern to monitor for a client after a gastrectomy?
What is a primary concern to monitor for a client after a gastrectomy?
Following a gastrectomy, a client experiences rapid gastric emptying, leading to dizziness, diaphoresis, and diarrhea shortly after eating. What's the best action?
Following a gastrectomy, a client experiences rapid gastric emptying, leading to dizziness, diaphoresis, and diarrhea shortly after eating. What's the best action?
During the administration of TPN, a nurse notes that the infusion has run out, and a new bag is not immediately available. What action should the nurse take?
During the administration of TPN, a nurse notes that the infusion has run out, and a new bag is not immediately available. What action should the nurse take?
The nurse assesses a client who reports abdominal pain, frequent diarrhea, and weight loss. What assessment should the nurse prioritize?
The nurse assesses a client who reports abdominal pain, frequent diarrhea, and weight loss. What assessment should the nurse prioritize?
After a client is newly diagnosed with diverticulitis, what intervention should the nurse include in the care plan to prevent acute recurrence?
After a client is newly diagnosed with diverticulitis, what intervention should the nurse include in the care plan to prevent acute recurrence?
Flashcards
GERD
GERD
A condition marked by backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus.
Diarrhea
Diarrhea
Increased frequency of bowel movements with altered consistency of stool, associated with urgency or discomfort.
Constipation
Constipation
Difficult or infrequent bowel movements, often associated with straining or incomplete emptying.
GERD Management
GERD Management
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Peptic Ulcer
Peptic Ulcer
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Peptic Ulcer treatment
Peptic Ulcer treatment
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Peptic ulcer risk factors
Peptic ulcer risk factors
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Gastritis
Gastritis
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Gastric Cancer
Gastric Cancer
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Dumping Syndrome
Dumping Syndrome
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GI learning needs
GI learning needs
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Diverticul
Diverticul
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Diverticulitis
Diverticulitis
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IBS
IBS
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Intussusception
Intussusception
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Intestinal Obstruction
Intestinal Obstruction
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Ostomy
Ostomy
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Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
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Study Notes
Nursing Care of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Covers key terms, pathophysiology, diagnostics, pharmacotherapeutics, and the nursing process for upper GI disorders.
- Focuses on health promotion, maintenance, teaching, and dignified care for patients with altered GI function.
Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)
- GERD involves the backflow of stomach or duodenal contents into esophagus.
- Backflow leads to troublesome symptoms and/or mucosal injury.
- Excessive reflux is a consequence of an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter, pyloric stenosis, hiatal hernia, or motility disorder.
- Incidence increases with age, irritable bowel syndrome and obstructive airway disorders.
- Other factors include tobacco use, coffee drinking, alcohol consumption, and H. pylori infection.
Signs & Symptoms of GERD
- Includes pyrosis (heartburn), regurgitation, and dysphagia
- Other indications include bleeding and hypersalivation
- Also includes esophagitis.
- Can result in dental erosion, ulcerations in the pharynx and esophagus, laryngeal damage, and pulmonary complications.
Management of GERD
- Low-fat diet is recommended
- Avoid caffeine, tobacco, beer, milk, peppermint, spearmint, and carbonated beverages.
- Refrain from eating or drinking 2 hours before bedtime.
- Elevate the head of the bed by at least 30 degrees
- Medications listed in Table 39-4 can be used.
Therapeutic Interventions
- Lifestyle changes and medications are key components.
- Medications include antacids, H2 receptor antagonists.
- Other medications include proton pump inhibitors and prokinetic agents.
Complications of GERD
- Esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal cancer can occur
- Other complications include bronchospasm, laryngospasm, and aspiration pneumonia.
Nursing Diagnosis
- Acute pain related to GERD can be identified
- Nursing care includes education
- Interventions include promoting weight loss and dietary modifications
- Diet includes low-fat, high-protein
- Diet consists of avoiding caffeine, milk products, and spicy foods.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
- Defined as a gastric, duodenal, or esophageal ulcer.
- Erosion of mucous membrane forms in the stomach, pylorus, duodenum, or esophagus.
- Commonly associated with H. pylori infection.
- Risk factors include excessive stomach acid, dietary factors, NSAIDs, alcohol, smoking, and familial tendency.
- Manifestations include dull gnawing pain, burning, midepigastric pain, heartburn, and vomiting.
- Treatment includes medications, lifestyle changes, surgery.
Gastric Ulcer
- Presents as high left epigastric/upper abdominal burning/gnawing pain.
- Pain increases 1-2 hours post-eating or with food consumption.
Duodenal Ulcer
- Mid-epigastric/upper abdominal burning/cramping pain is typical.
- Pain occurs 2-4 hours after meals or in the middle of the night.
- Food or antacids provide relief.
Diagnosis
- Testing for Helicobacter pylori is vital
- Diagnostic tests include Upper GI Series
- EsophagoDoudenoscopy (EGD)
- Capsule endoscopy can be used.
Therapeutic Interventions
- Antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, and H2 antagonists are therapeutic options
- Bismuth subsalicylate and sucralfate can be used
- Additional interventions include antacids and bland diet
- Avoid smoking, caffeine, and alcohol.
Peptic Ulcer Disease: Complications
- Bleeding
- Perforation
- Obstruction
Gastritis
- The protective mucosal barrier is compromised
- Severe perforation and scarring can develop.
###Risk Factors
- Stress, alcohol abuse, and medications can increase risk
- Bacterial infections
- Autoimmune disease
Gastric Cancer
- Characterized by a malignant lesion in the stomach.
- Second most common cancer.
- Poor prognosis due to frequent metastases
Risk Factors
- Age over 50 and genetic predisposition increase risk
- H. pylori infection is a major risk factor.
- Diets high in smoked, salted, or pickled foods and low in fruits and vegetables.
- Smoking, gastric ulcers, obesity, chronic gastritis, and occupational exposure can lead to development.
Signs and Symptoms
- Symptoms often appear late
- Indigestion and anorexia.
- Ineffective relief with antacids
- Weight loss, nausea, and vomiting.
- Can lead to anemia
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis involves X-ray, gastroscopy, and gastric fluid analysis
- Serum gastrin and CT scans are diagnostically helpful
- Positive CEA indicates carcinoembryonic antigen.
- CBC looks for bleeding.
- Treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.
Nursing Care: Perioperative
- Nursing care focuses on minimizing the risk for infection entering the GI tract
- Address potential complications
- Ileus, dehiscence, hemorrhage, and dumping syndrome.
Dumping Syndrome
- It may occur after significant stomach portion removal or pylorus removal.
- Rapid bolus of hypertonic food leads to fluid shift into small intestine
- It results in dilation
- Increased intestinal transit.
- Hyperglycemia.
- Rapid onset of GI and vasomotor symptoms
Management of Dumping Syndrome
- Eating smaller meals is recommended
- Stop eating when full.
- Limit fluids during meals.
- Avoid sugary foods.
- Recline after eating.
- Vitamin B12 injections are required for life after total gastrectomy.
Nutritional Support
- Nasogastric, gastrostomy, jejunostomy, nasoduodenal, and nasojejunal tubes are types of feeding tubes
PPN vs TPN
- Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition (PPN) partially fulfills nutritional needs via a peripheral IV line, and is short-term.
- Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) fully satisfies nutritional needs
- Administered via a central line
- It is long-term.
Potential Complications of the Patient Receiving Parenteral Nutrition
- Pneumothorax and air embolism.
- Clotted or displaced catheter and sepsis are risks
- Hyperglycemia, rebound hypoglycemia, and fluid overload can occur
Nursing Interventions for the Patient Receiving Parenteral Nutrition
- Maintaining optimal nutrition includes daily weights, accurate I&O, and caloric count
- Solution should include trace elements
- Maintaining fluid balance by using infusion pump and monitoring rate
- Changing fluid should be gradually
- Monitor indicators of fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and glucose levels.
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