Nursing Theories: Rogers and Orem

Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings

• Rogers proposed the "Science of Unitary Human Beings", which views humans and their environment as interconnected energy fields
• Energy flows freely between humans and their surroundings, highlighting the importance of holistic care
• This theory emphasizes the concept of "openness", meaning there are no boundaries inhibiting energy exchange between humans and their environments
• Rogers viewed humans as "pan-dimensional" beings, not limited by space or time, and characterized by unique patterns of energy
• Homeodynamics, a crucial principle in Rogers' theory, refers to the dynamic balance between human life processes and the environment

Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory

• Orem's theory encompasses three related parts: the theory of self-care, the theory of self-care deficit, and the theory of nursing system
• Self-care encompasses activities an individual undertakes to maintain life, health, and well-being
• Self-care agency refers to an individual's ability to engage in self-care, influenced by factors like age, development, life experience, and socio-cultural context

Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory

• King's theory emphasizes the concept of "interacting systems", encompassing the personal system (the individual), the interpersonal system (nurse-patient interaction), and the social system (larger social context)
• The interaction between nurses and patients is central to achieving health goals, influenced by factors like communication, perception, and role congruence
• King's theory is grounded in the "systems approach" and emphasizes the importance of mutual goal-setting and collaborative care

Myra Levine's Conservation Model

• Levine’s Conservation Model is centered around the four conservation principles: energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity
• These principles guide nurses in supporting and preserving the patient’s individual resources
• The model emphasizes the importance of adaptation and the patient’s role in maintaining their well-being

Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral System Model

• Johnson's theory focuses on the individual as a behavioral system comprising seven subsystems:
• **The ** achievement subsystem: This subsystem focuses on achieving goals and learning and growth
• The dependency subsystem: This subsystem emphasizes the individual's reliance on support and care from others
• **The ** ingestive subsystem: This subsystem centers on the intake and processing of food and fluids.
• **The ** eliminative subsystem: This subsystem involves the body's excretion of waste products
• **The ** sexual subsystem: This subsystem encompasses the physiological and psychological aspects of sexual expression and reproduction
• **The ** aggressive subsystem: This subsystem is concerned with self-defense and asserting dominance.
• **The ** protective subsystem: This subsystem focuses on the body's defense against internal and external threats

Virginia Henderson's Theory of Nursing

• Henderson proposed 14 fundamental needs of the individual that nurses should prioritize in providing care
• These needs encompass both basic physical and psychosocial aspects, emphasizing the nurse's role as a helper and advocate
• The theory emphasizes the importance of promoting independence, self-care, and facilitating recovery
• These include: breathing, eating, elimination, movement, sleep, personal hygiene, maintaining body temperature, avoiding danger, communication, fulfilling religious practices, working, recreation, and managing emotions

Explore two significant nursing theories: Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings and Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory. This quiz will help you understand the interconnectedness of humans and their environment, as well as the importance of self-care in nursing practice. Test your knowledge on these fundamental concepts in nursing education.