Nursing Theories: Peplau & Orlando

Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation are the five stages of the Deliberative Nursing Process.

A holistic assessment of the patient's needs, without considering the reason for the encounter.

Identifying patient needs using links to defining characteristics, related factors, and risk factors.

Creating a nursing care plan with specific goals and interventions for each problem identified.

Putting the nursing care plan into action.

Assessing how well patient goals are met and making adjustments to the nursing plan.

Nursing actions that result in improved patient behavior.

Joyce Travelbee's view of nursing focuses on building relationships with patients to achieve well-being.

A model that highlights the nurse's role in patient care, encompassing three interconnected areas: curing, caring, and core. This framework helps nurses understand their various responsibilities in patient management.

In the nursing care circle, this phase focuses on the medical interventions and treatments directed towards the patient's illness or disease. Nurses actively advocate for the patient during this stage.

Part of the nursing care circle, this phase emphasizes providing comfort and basic care to patients. It involves helping them with daily activities like eating, bathing, and dressing.

Within the nursing care circle, this phase targets the patient's emotional and social well-being. Nurses create an environment that promotes effective communication and comfort.

A patient-centered approach to nursing based on the idea that nursing is both an art and a science. The theory focuses on meeting the patient's human needs.

This approach to nursing emphasizes the patient's individual needs and preferences. It requires understanding the patient's unique situation and tailoring care to meet their specific requirements.

A nursing theory that prioritizes addressing the fundamental needs of patients, placing emphasis on holistic care and addressing both physical and psychological well-being.

Faye Abdellah's theory acknowledges that nursing involves both the practical application of knowledge and the compassionate approach to patient care. It emphasizes the importance of individual nurses' skills and attitudes.

A safe and supportive space that promotes mental well-being and healing.

The process of expressing and processing feelings in a safe and healthy way.

How societal issues can contribute to and worsen mental health challenges.

A focus on promoting overall well-being and recovery after illness or injury.

Each patient has unique needs based on their physical, emotional, and developmental state.

The best possible outcome for each patient, taking into account limitations.

A structured approach to identify and address patient problems, leading to better outcomes.

Specific techniques and actions nurses use to provide care based on individual patient needs.

These are the nursing actions taken to promote optimal activity for patients, such as encouraging exercise, providing rest, and ensuring a peaceful sleep environment. These actions are crucial for maintaining patients' physical and mental well-being.

Patients with mental illness often require specific safety precautions, such as monitoring for suicidal thoughts, preventing escape attempts, and protecting them from potential harm. Nurses are trained to assess and implement appropriate safety measures.

Some patients, such as those who are deaf and mute, may require alternative methods of communication, such as body language or sign language. Nurses must adapt their approach to ensure effective interaction with these patients.

Nurses use therapeutic communication techniques to help patients express their feelings, both positive and negative. This helps them process their emotions and progress towards a healthier state.

Patients with mental illness sometimes present with physical symptoms, which may or may not be directly related to their mental health. Nurses must assess these complaints carefully to determine their true nature.

For patients confined to bed, maintaining proper body mechanics is essential to prevent bed sores and deformities. Nurses help patients move and position themselves correctly to ensure their physical well-being.

A patient's mental health can significantly impact their physical health, and vice-versa. Nurses should be aware of this connection and consider both aspects when providing care.

Nurses use both verbal and nonverbal communication to build relationships with their patients and ensure effective communication. These skills are crucial for understanding the patient's needs and providing appropriate care.

This theory views health as a process of expanding consciousness, where individuals grow in awareness and find deeper meaning in life.

This refers to an individual's continuous evolution towards greater self-awareness, meaning, and connection with others and the world.

This theory emphasizes patterns, a fundamental concept in understanding the interconnectedness of health and illness. Patterns reveal the whole person and the meaning of their experiences.

Newman's theory suggests that health and illness are not separate entities but rather integrated into a single state of being.

Traditional views of health focus on linear, predictable aspects, while Newman's theory proposes an emergent, unpredictable, and holistic understanding of health.

In Newman's theory, patterns reveal unity within diversity, recognizing the uniqueness of each person while emphasizing interconnectedness.

Newman's theory describes life as a journey of progress towards higher levels of consciousness, which is characterized by deeper understanding and connection.

Newman's theory emphasizes the importance of fostering relationships that contribute to a person's expanding consciousness and overall well-being.

A concept that views health as an expanding consciousness, emphasizing the ability to perceive alternatives and respond in diverse ways. It also portrays health as a process of evolving towards inclusivity in consciousness.

Newman uses Hegel's philosophy to explain health as a fusion between disease and non-disease. This creates a new concept of health that goes beyond simply the absence of illness.

Newman emphasizes the importance of analyzing these three concepts together as dimensions of consciousness, rather than viewing them in isolation.

This theory guides nurses to focus on the quality of life from each individual's perspective, aiming to support their unique journey of becoming.

Parse's theory claims that humans exist and shape patterns simultaneously with the universe, suggesting an interconnected and dynamic relationship.

Parse argues that humans have the freedom to choose their own meaning in each situation, acknowledging their responsibility for their decisions.

Parse's Human Becoming Theory emphasizes the importance of supporting individuals in achieving their own unique and personal quality of life.

Parse's initial theory, published in 1981, focused on the interconnectedness of human beings, their experiences, and their health, emphasizing a holistic perspective.