Nursing Second Year Overview

Study Notes

This document contains study notes for a Nursing second-year program.
Various topics are covered, including sleep problems in children, neck pain, the eye, pesticides, and the heart.

Sleep is essential for rest and replenishing energy.
Newborns need up to 16 hours of sleep daily.
Sleep duration changes with age; 4-month olds, 6-month olds to one-year olds, one to five years, pre-school children (10-12 hours), and school-aged children (10 hours).
Techniques for teaching older infants to sleep include establishing a consistent routine, avoiding exciting activities before bed, and avoiding interactions during the night.
Common causes of nighttime sleeplessness in children include urinary tract infections, colic, teething, and colds.

Neck pain is often caused by mechanical or muscular issues.
Acute, sudden, and intense neck pain is called a crick.
Possible causes of neck pain include trauma, injury, stress, sleeping in an uncomfortable position, and prolonged computer use.
Diagnosing neck pain may involve checking neck movement, examining nerves, muscles, spine, neck, and hands, and requiring X-rays, scans, or blood tests.
Treatment options for neck pain can include chiropractic care and physiotherapy, as well as medication to ease pain.

The eye is a round organ that works with the brain to provide vision.
The eye's function is to work with the brain to provide vision.
The eye's parts include: Lens, Pupil, Cornea, Iris, Retina, Optic nerve, and Sclera.
The lens is a transparent crystalline structure.
The nerve tissue detects light entering the eye.
Light-sensitive receptors are found in the retina (Rods and cones).

Pesticides are chemicals used to control or eliminate pests.
Pesticides can pose a health risk to humans, especially if residual pesticides remain on food crops after processing.
Reducing pesticide risk involves minimizing pesticide usage and selecting low-risk pesticides, then washing and peeling fruits and vegetables.
Organic farming methods enhance soil quality and reduce pesticide usage, enabling waste recycling and maintaining a clean environment.

The human heart is a pear-shaped organ roughly the size of a fist.
The heart pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body.
Heartbeats create blood pressure.
The heart is situated in the chest cavity, between the lungs.
The heart has four chambers: atria and ventricles.
The left side of the heart pumps blood throughout the body, while the right side pumps blood to the lungs.