34 Questions
What is an oncologic emergency?
A situation that requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent morbidity or death.
What are oncologic emergencies?
Potentially life-threatening events
What is the most effective measure in managing extravasation injury?
Prompt discontinuation of infusion
What are the symptoms of spinal cord compression?
Paralysis, incontinence, and chronic pain
What are the potential consequences of untreated spinal cord compression?
Paralysis, incontinence, and chronic pain.
What should nurses do if they become pregnant during their postings in radiation-related wards?
Inform their employer or Radiation Safety Officer (RSO
What is the role of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Body (AERB) in India?
To regulate the use of radioactive sources
What are the symptoms of SVC obstruction?
Facial and upper extremity edema, headache, and nausea
What is the most common cause of brain metastases?
Lung or breast cancer
What is the standard of care for patients with brain metastasis?
Radiation therapy
What is the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP)?
An organization that provides recommendations on radiation protection
What symptoms can occur with spinal cord compression?
Bladder symptoms and impotence
What is the treatment for bone metastases?
Pain management and targeted therapies
Where do bone metastases most frequently occur?
Spine, pelvis, and ribs.
What is an extravasation injury?
An injury caused by a drug escaping into subcutaneous tissues
What is the recommended order of sites for peripheral intravenous administration to prevent extravasation injury?
Forearm, wrist, antecubital fossae, dorsal hand
How can brain metastases be detected?
MRI.
What is the role of nursing personnel in radiation oncology?
To understand the biological effects of radiation and safety aspects
What is the immediate treatment for brain tumors?
Anticonvulsants and medical decompression with a corticosteroid regimen
What are the treatments for spinal cord compression?
Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and medical or surgical decompression.
What is the treatment for acute tumor lysis syndrome?
Treating electrolyte imbalances
What is the recommended action if extravasation is suspected during drug administration?
Discontinue the infusion promptly
What are the treatments for bone metastases?
Pain management and targeted therapies.
What is the treatment for cancer-related hypercalcemia?
Bisphosphonates
What is the risk factor for extravasation injury in cancer patients?
Thin and fragile veins
What is the prognosis for patients with oncologic emergencies?
Often poor, with low survival rates.
What is the role of personnel monitoring devices in radiation safety?
To monitor radiation exposure of nursing personnel
What is tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)?
A condition that can occur after high doses of chemotherapy.
What is febrile neutropenia?
A patient receiving chemotherapy and cephalosporin + aminoglycoside combination
What is the effect of vesicant extravasation on tissue?
It causes chemical cellulitis
What is the treatment for TLS?
Directed at the underlying malignancy.
What is the risk for patients with febrile neutropenia?
Increased risk of developing nosocomial infections
What are the bisphosphonates used to treat cancer-related hypercalcemia?
Pamidronate and Zoledronate
What is the risk of extravasation turning into ulcerations?
About one-third
Study Notes
Radiation Safety for Nurses in Radiation Oncology:
- Nurses in radiology need to understand the biological effects of radiation and safety aspects.
- Advancements in radiation technology have reduced radiation exposure to treating physicians and nursing personnel.
- Nurses should know the location of the radioactive source in the treatment room and maintain a reasonable distance from it.
- They should minimize the time spent in the treatment room as much as possible.
- Proper protective and personnel monitoring devices should be used.
- Nurses should be familiar with emergency procedures during radiation emergencies.
- If a nursing staff becomes pregnant during her postings in radiation-related wards, the employer or Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) should be informed.
- The International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP) offers recommendations on radiation protection.
- The Atomic Energy Regulatory Body (AERB) takes care of radiation protection aspects in India.
- New dose limits recommended by ICRP are given in table-1 for reference.
Extravasation Reactions - Nursing Perspective:
- Extravasation injury occurs when drugs escape from veins or intravenous catheters into subcutaneous tissues.
- Cancer patients are at high risk of extravasation due to thin and fragile veins, among other reasons.
- Vesicants cause chemical cellulitis, which may worsen depending on the amount of drug that has extravasated.
- Prevention is the most effective measure in managing extravasation and includes using a central line or a carefully chosen site of administration.
- The use of CVC administration does not prevent extravasation injury.
- In the case of peripheral intravenous administration, the selection of sites should be in the order of forearm, dorsal hand, wrist, and antecubital fossae.
- Vesicant extravasation can worsen and require surgery
- About one-third of extravasations turn into ulcerations
- Proper recognition and management can limit tissue injury
- Prompt discontinuation of infusion is recommended if extravasation is suspected
- Aspiration of residual drug should follow discontinuation
- Vigilance is important in managing extravasation
- Extravasation can cause tissue injury
- Surgical intervention may be necessary
- Timely recognition is crucial in managing extravasation
- Residual drug should be aspirated after discontinuation of infusion.
Test your knowledge on important nursing topics with these two quizzes. The first quiz focuses on radiation safety for nurses in radiation oncology, including understanding the biological effects of radiation, emergency procedures, and recommended protective measures. The second quiz covers extravasation reactions, a potential complication in cancer patients receiving intravenous medications. Test your knowledge on prevention, recognition, and management of extravasation injuries. Improve your nursing practice and patient care by taking these informative quizzes.
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