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Questions and Answers
What is an oncologic emergency?
What is an oncologic emergency?
- A condition that can be treated with over-the-counter medication.
- A condition that does not require immediate attention.
- A situation that requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent morbidity or death. (correct)
- A condition that can be treated at a later time
What are oncologic emergencies?
What are oncologic emergencies?
- Events that require no immediate treatment
- Potentially life-threatening events (correct)
- Events that can be treated at home
- Non-life-threatening events
What is the most effective measure in managing extravasation injury?
What is the most effective measure in managing extravasation injury?
- Vigilance during administration
- Administering drugs through a central line
- Surgical intervention
- Prompt discontinuation of infusion (correct)
What are the symptoms of spinal cord compression?
What are the symptoms of spinal cord compression?
What are the potential consequences of untreated spinal cord compression?
What are the potential consequences of untreated spinal cord compression?
What should nurses do if they become pregnant during their postings in radiation-related wards?
What should nurses do if they become pregnant during their postings in radiation-related wards?
What is the role of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Body (AERB) in India?
What is the role of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Body (AERB) in India?
What are the symptoms of SVC obstruction?
What are the symptoms of SVC obstruction?
What is the most common cause of brain metastases?
What is the most common cause of brain metastases?
What is the standard of care for patients with brain metastasis?
What is the standard of care for patients with brain metastasis?
What is the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP)?
What is the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP)?
What symptoms can occur with spinal cord compression?
What symptoms can occur with spinal cord compression?
What is the treatment for bone metastases?
What is the treatment for bone metastases?
Where do bone metastases most frequently occur?
Where do bone metastases most frequently occur?
What is an extravasation injury?
What is an extravasation injury?
What is the recommended order of sites for peripheral intravenous administration to prevent extravasation injury?
What is the recommended order of sites for peripheral intravenous administration to prevent extravasation injury?
How can brain metastases be detected?
How can brain metastases be detected?
What is the role of nursing personnel in radiation oncology?
What is the role of nursing personnel in radiation oncology?
What is the immediate treatment for brain tumors?
What is the immediate treatment for brain tumors?
What are the treatments for spinal cord compression?
What are the treatments for spinal cord compression?
What is the treatment for acute tumor lysis syndrome?
What is the treatment for acute tumor lysis syndrome?
What is the recommended action if extravasation is suspected during drug administration?
What is the recommended action if extravasation is suspected during drug administration?
What are the treatments for bone metastases?
What are the treatments for bone metastases?
What is the treatment for cancer-related hypercalcemia?
What is the treatment for cancer-related hypercalcemia?
What is the risk factor for extravasation injury in cancer patients?
What is the risk factor for extravasation injury in cancer patients?
What is the prognosis for patients with oncologic emergencies?
What is the prognosis for patients with oncologic emergencies?
What is the role of personnel monitoring devices in radiation safety?
What is the role of personnel monitoring devices in radiation safety?
What is tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)?
What is tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)?
What is febrile neutropenia?
What is febrile neutropenia?
What is the effect of vesicant extravasation on tissue?
What is the effect of vesicant extravasation on tissue?
What is the treatment for TLS?
What is the treatment for TLS?
What is the risk for patients with febrile neutropenia?
What is the risk for patients with febrile neutropenia?
What are the bisphosphonates used to treat cancer-related hypercalcemia?
What are the bisphosphonates used to treat cancer-related hypercalcemia?
What is the risk of extravasation turning into ulcerations?
What is the risk of extravasation turning into ulcerations?
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Study Notes
Radiation Safety for Nurses in Radiation Oncology:
- Nurses in radiology need to understand the biological effects of radiation and safety aspects.
- Advancements in radiation technology have reduced radiation exposure to treating physicians and nursing personnel.
- Nurses should know the location of the radioactive source in the treatment room and maintain a reasonable distance from it.
- They should minimize the time spent in the treatment room as much as possible.
- Proper protective and personnel monitoring devices should be used.
- Nurses should be familiar with emergency procedures during radiation emergencies.
- If a nursing staff becomes pregnant during her postings in radiation-related wards, the employer or Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) should be informed.
- The International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP) offers recommendations on radiation protection.
- The Atomic Energy Regulatory Body (AERB) takes care of radiation protection aspects in India.
- New dose limits recommended by ICRP are given in table-1 for reference.
Extravasation Reactions - Nursing Perspective:
- Extravasation injury occurs when drugs escape from veins or intravenous catheters into subcutaneous tissues.
- Cancer patients are at high risk of extravasation due to thin and fragile veins, among other reasons.
- Vesicants cause chemical cellulitis, which may worsen depending on the amount of drug that has extravasated.
- Prevention is the most effective measure in managing extravasation and includes using a central line or a carefully chosen site of administration.
- The use of CVC administration does not prevent extravasation injury.
- In the case of peripheral intravenous administration, the selection of sites should be in the order of forearm, dorsal hand, wrist, and antecubital fossae.
- Vesicant extravasation can worsen and require surgery
- About one-third of extravasations turn into ulcerations
- Proper recognition and management can limit tissue injury
- Prompt discontinuation of infusion is recommended if extravasation is suspected
- Aspiration of residual drug should follow discontinuation
- Vigilance is important in managing extravasation
- Extravasation can cause tissue injury
- Surgical intervention may be necessary
- Timely recognition is crucial in managing extravasation
- Residual drug should be aspirated after discontinuation of infusion.
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