Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of a nurse as described?
Which activity is NOT included in restoring health?
How do nurses facilitate coping with disability or death?
Which of the following is an aspect of the educator role of a nurse?
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What is a key component of effective nurse communication?
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Which of the following is a community resource for promoting health?
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What should a nurse do when they detect an abnormal finding during an assessment?
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In addition to caregiving, which role enhances a nurse's ability to support patient health?
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What role does a nurse play when assisting clients to make modifications in their behavior?
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Which term refers to individuals or groups who use health care products or services?
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Why do some nurses prefer the term 'client' over 'patient'?
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What does the Standard of Practice in nursing aim to describe?
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What is the implication of the term 'patient' in the context of nursing?
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How does a standard of nursing practice protect those involved in health care?
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What does the role of a collaborator in nursing involve?
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In what way are nurses often dealing with changes in the health care system?
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What is the defining characteristic of an inpatient?
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Which type of hospital typically provides a wide range of services?
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What best describes subacute care facilities?
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What role does Spiritual Support Personnel play in the health care team?
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How do rural hospitals typically differ from urban hospitals?
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What characterizes extended care (long-term care) facilities?
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Which of the following best describes the primary needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
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Which task is typically performed by Unlicensed Assistive Personnel (UAPs)?
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How are hospitals classified by ownership?
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What typically distinguishes acute care hospitals from other types?
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Why is oxygen considered the most essential need in physiological needs?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a higher-level need in Maslow's hierarchy?
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Which of the following is a service provided by large urban hospitals but typically not by small rural hospitals?
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What is the primary purpose of a social worker in a healthcare setting?
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Which of the following needs must be met minimally to maintain life?
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When might a client require acute oxygenation measures?
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Which characteristic is NOT associated with a self-actualized person?
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What should nursing interventions focus on to help meet a patient's self-actualization needs?
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Which of the following best describes a self-actualized individual's approach to life?
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What is a key aspect of identifying unmet needs according to Maslow's hierarchy?
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How does a self-actualized person typically perceive themselves in relation to society?
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Study Notes
Nursing Roles and Responsibilities
- Nurses play a crucial role in promoting health, preventing illness, restoring health, and facilitating coping with disability or death.
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To promote health:
- Educational programs in areas like prenatal care, smoking cessation, and stress reduction seminars are crucial.
- Community program and resources encourage healthy lifestyles.
- Information about healthy diets, exercises, and good health habits is disseminated through various mediums like literature, television, radio, and the internet.
- Health assessments conducted in various settings help identify strengths and risks for illness.
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To prevent illness:
- Nurses play a significant role in educating individuals and communities about health risks, preventative measures for illness, and the importance of early detection.
- They encourage healthy lifestyles by promoting immunizations, healthy diets, and regular exercise.
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To restore health:
- Nurses are responsible for providing care to individuals with illness, from early disease detection to rehabilitation and recovery teaching.
- Nurses conduct assessments, refer abnormalities to other healthcare providers, and provide direct care to the ill.
- They collaborate with other healthcare professionals, plan and execute rehabilitation programs, and work in mental health and chemical dependency programs.
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To facilitate coping with disability or death:
- Nurses help patients and their families cope with altered functions, life crises, and death.
- Nurses maximize a patient's strengths and potential through teaching and referring them to community support systems.
- Nurses provide care to patients and families during end-of-life care.
Nursing Roles in All Settings
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Caregiver:
- This is the primary role of a nurse.
- Nurses provide care that combines the art and science of nursing to meet the physical, emotional, intellectual, sociocultural, and spiritual needs of patients.
- As caregivers, nurses act as communicators, teachers, counselors, leaders, researchers, advocates, and collaborators to promote wellness through activities that prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping with disability or death.
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Communicator:
- Nurses utilize effective interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships with patients of all ages across various healthcare settings.
- They identify patient problems and communicate them verbally or in writing to other members of the healthcare team.
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Collaborator:
- Nurses effectively use their skills in organization, communication, and advocacy to facilitate the functions of all members of the healthcare team in providing patient care.
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Change Agent:
- Nurses assist clients in modifying their behavior.
- They also work to change systems, such as clinical care, if they aren't helping a client return to health.
- Nurses are constantly dealing with change within the healthcare system.
Recipients of Nursing
- The recipients of nursing care are sometimes called consumers, patients, and clients.
- A consumer is an individual, group of people, or community that uses a service or commodity. People who use health care products or services are consumers of health care.
- A patient is a person who is waiting for or undergoing medical treatment and care. The word patient comes from a Latin word meaning "to suffer" or "to bear." Usually, people become patients when they seek assistance due to illness or surgery. Some nurses believe that the word patient implies passive acceptance of the decisions and care of health professionals.
- A client is a person who engages the advice or services of another who is qualified to provide this service. The term client presents the receivers of health care as collaborators in the care, that is, as people who are also responsible for their own health. Thus, the health status of a client is the responsibility of the individual in collaboration with health professionals.
Standard of Nursing Practice
- Standards of practice allow nurses to carry out their professional roles, protecting the nurse, patient, and the institution where healthcare is provided.
- Standards of practice address the key steps involved in caring for patients.
- The purpose of the Standards of Practice is to describe the responsibilities for which nurses are accountable.
- They describe a competent level of nursing care as demonstrated by the nursing process.
Types of Healthcare Agencies and Services
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Hospitals:
- Hospitals vary in size, from small rural hospitals with 12 beds to large metropolitan hospitals with over 1,500 beds.
- Hospitals fall under different ownership structures: governmental (public) or nongovernmental (private).
- Hospitals are also classified by the specific services they provide. General hospitals treat a variety of conditions, such as medical, surgical, obstetric, pediatric, and psychiatric services. Other hospitals specialize in a particular area, like psychiatric or pediatric care.
- An acute care hospital provides care to clients with illnesses or injuries that require hospitalization for a relatively short term, typically a few days.
- The range of health care services offered by hospitals usually depends on their size and location. Large urban hospitals often have inpatient beds, emergency services, diagnostic facilities, ambulatory surgery centers, pharmacy services, intensive and coronary care services, and several outpatient clinics. Smaller rural hospitals can be limited to inpatient beds, radiology and laboratory services, and basic emergency services. The extent of service provision in a rural hospital often correlates with its size and distance from urban centers.
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Subacute Care Facilities:
- Subacute care is an inpatient care variation designed for individuals with acute illness, injuries, or exacerbations of a disease process.
- Clients might be admitted after or instead of acute hospitalization to receive one or more technically complex treatments.
- Generally, the individual's condition does not necessitate highly technical monitoring or complex diagnostic procedures.
- Subacute care is typically more intensive than long-term care but less intensive than acute care.
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Extended Care (Long-Term Care):
- Previously called nursing homes, extended care (long-term care) facilities provide personal care to individuals who are chronically ill or unable to care for themselves independently.
- These facilities often provide skilled nursing care, such as wound care, medication administration, and physical therapy, depending on the resident's needs.
- They also focus on providing a supportive and safe environment for residents, helping them maintain their independence and overall well-being.
- Residents can receive individualized care plans that address their specific needs and goals.
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Other Healthcare Professionals:
- Registered Dietician: Provides nutritional counseling to patients and families, assesses nutritional status, and develops meal plans based on individual needs.
- Respiratory Therapist: Assists clients with respiratory problems, conducts pulmonary function tests, and manages mechanical ventilation.
- Pharmacist: Dispenses medications, monitors drug interactions, and provides information about drug effects and side effects.
- Physical Therapist: Helps patients regain mobility, strength, and coordination through exercise, stretching, and other therapeutic techniques.
- Occupational Therapist: Assists clients to improve their daily living skills, including activities of daily living (ADLs) and work tasks.
- Social Worker: Assists clients with psychosocial problems (e.g., financial, marital), conducts discharge planning, and makes referrals for placement.
- Spiritual Support Personnel: Religious or spiritual advisors serve as part of the health care team by attending to the spiritual needs of clients.
- Unlicensed Assistive Personnel: Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAPs) are health care staff who assumes delegated aspects of basic client care. These tasks include bathing, assisting with feeding, and collecting specimens.
Basic Human Needs
- A need is a requirement or a lack.
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Abraham Maslow (1970) defined the basic needs of all people as a progression from simple physical needs (needed for survival) to more complex ones. Human needs are ranked on an ascending scale according to how essential the needs are for survival.
- Primary Needs (Lower-level needs): Must be met to maintain life.
- Secondary Needs (Higher-level needs): Must be met to maintain quality of life.
- There are the following five levels of needs:
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Physiologic Needs:
- The most basic needs are those that are essential for survival.
- They include:
- Oxygen
- Water
- Food
- Elimination
- Temperature regulation
- Physical activity
- Sleep and rest
- Sexuality
- These needs must be met at least minimally to maintain life.
- Oxygen: The most essential of all needs because all body cells require oxygen for survival. Oxygenation of body cells is carried out primarily by the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Any alteration in their structure or function can result in an increased need for oxygen. This need may be acute, such as when cardiopulmonary resuscitation is needed, or chronic, requiring special positioning, treatments, and teaching.
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Safety and Security Needs:
- Once physiologic needs are met, individuals focus on safety and security.
- This level includes:
- Physical safety
- Emotional security
- Protection from harm
- Nurses help fulfill this need by providing a safe and secure environment, administering medications correctly, and using protective equipment.
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Love and Belonging Needs:
- People need love and belonging to feel connected and accepted.
- This includes:
- Social relationships
- Intimacy
- Family and friends
- Nurses help fulfill this need by promoting social interactions, encouraging family visits, and creating a caring and supportive environment.
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Self-Esteem Needs:
- Once individuals feel loved and accepted, they want to feel good about themselves.
- This includes:
- Self-respect
- Confidence
- Achievement
- Recognition
- Nurses help fulfill this need by respecting patients, acknowledging their accomplishments, and encouraging them to take control of their health.
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Self-Actualization Needs:
- This is the highest level of need, in which individuals strive to reach their full potential.
- This includes:
- Creativity
- Problem-solving
- Personal growth
- Acceptance
- Nurses help fulfill this need by creating a supportive environment, encouraging patients to pursue their goals, and providing information that empowers them to make informed healthcare decisions.
Maslow's Characteristics of a Self-Actualized Person
- Is realistic, sees life clearly, and is objective about his or her observations
- Judges people correctly
- Has superior perception
- Is more decisive
- Has clear notion of right and wrong
- Is usually accurate in predicting future events
- Understands art, music, politics, and philosophy
- Possesses humility
- Listens to others carefully
- Is dedicated to some work, task, duty, or vocation
- Is highly creative, flexible, spontaneous, courageous, and willing to make mistakes
- Is open to new ideas
- Is self-confident and has self-respect
- Has a low degree of self-conflict; personality is integrated
- Respects self; does not need fame; possesses a feeling of self-control
- Is highly independent; desires privacy
- Can appear remote and detached
- Is friendly, loving, and governed more by inner directives than by society
- Can make decisions contrary to popular opinion
- Is problem-centered rather than self-centered
- Accepts the world for what it is
To help meet patients' self-actualization needs, the nurse focuses on:
- The person's strengths and possibilities rather than on problems.
- Nursing intervention is aimed at providing a sense of direction and hope, and providing teaching that is aimed at maximizing potentials.
Applying Maslow's Hierarchy
It is useful for:
- Identifying unmet needs
- Establishing priorities of care
- Understanding the relationship of basic human needs
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Description
Test your knowledge about the crucial roles and responsibilities of nurses in promoting health, preventing illness, and restoring health. This quiz covers educational programs, health assessments, and lifestyle promotion strategies employed by nursing professionals. Perfect for nursing students or healthcare enthusiasts!
