Nursing Research Evidence Levels
19 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the highest level of evidence in the ranking of evidence?

  • Meta synthesis of qualitative studies
  • Randomized control trials
  • Meta analysis of RCTs (correct)
  • Quasi-experimental

    • What differentiates meta-analysis from meta-synthesis?

  • Meta-synthesis typically uses statistical methods.
  • Meta-synthesis is a synthesis of qualitative studies. (correct)
  • Meta-analysis is focused on several topics.
  • Meta-analysis involves qualitative studies.

    • Who was Florence Nightingale?

    The first epidemiological nurse and a pioneer in nursing research.

    What is the Nuremberg Code?

    <p>A set of ethical principles for human experimentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic ethical principles in the Belmont Report?

    <p>Confidentiality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurred during the Tuskegee Experiment?

    <p>A syphilis study conducted on untreated black male sharecroppers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assent in the context of informed consent?

    <p>Given by children aged 7-18.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)?

    <p>To review studies to ensure ethical standards are met.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of theory in nursing research is focused on a limited aspect of reality?

    <p>Middle range theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options represents the highest level of evidence?

    <p>Meta analysis of RCTs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meta analysis uses a _____ method to synthesize findings.

    <p>statistical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of meta synthesis?

    <p>Qualitative studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Tuskegee Experiment was conducted with the aim of treating syphilis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three basic ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report?

    <p>Respect for persons, Beneficence, Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does assent refer to in the context of informed consent?

    <p>Agreement from children aged 7-18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are responsible for ensuring ethical standards are met in research.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Florence Nightingale known for in the context of nursing research?

    <p>First epidemiological nurse, used statistics in research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of nursing theories with their descriptions:

    <p>Grand nursing theory = Describes the discipline of nursing as a whole Middle range theory = Focused on a limited aspect of reality Situation specific nursing theory = Addresses specific patient situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of informed consent?

    <p>To ensure participants understand and agree to the terms of the research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Levels of Evidence

    • The strongest level of evidence is a meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs)
    • The weakest level of evidence is expert opinions.
    • The acronym "Most Random Questions Need More Quality Evidence" helps remember the ranking of levels of evidence:
      • Meta-analysis of RCTs
      • Randomized control trials
      • Quasi-experimental
      • Non experimental/observational study
      • Meta synthesis of qualitative studies
      • Qualitative study/descriptive study
      • Expert options

    Meta-analysis vs. meta-synthesis

    • Meta-analysis uses statistical methods to synthesize findings from quantitative research studies on a single topic.
    • Meta-synthesis is a synthesis of several qualitative research studies.

    Florence Nightingale's Contributions to Nursing Research

    • Florence Nightingale was a pioneer in nursing research.
    • She was the first nurse to use statistics to support her hypotheses and is known as the first epidemiological nurse.
    • She set a standard for optimal patient outcomes.

    Nuremberg Code

    • The Nuremberg Code defines voluntary consent, legal capacity, sufficient understanding, and enlightened decision-making.
    • The code established ethical standards for research following unethical experiments conducted by Nazi Germany on concentration camp members.

    Belmont Report

    • The Belmont Report outlines three fundamental ethical principles for research involving human subjects:
      • Respect for persons: Individuals should be treated autonomously with the freedom to participate or not, and those with reduced autonomy should be protected.
      • Beneficence: Research should maximize benefits and minimize harm to participants.
      • Justice: The costs and benefits of research should be distributed fairly.

    Tuskegee Experiment

    • The Tuskegee Experiment, a syphilis study conducted by the US Public Health Service in Alabama from 1932 to 1973, involved two groups of poor Black male sharecroppers.
    • One group was left untreated for syphilis, while the other was free of the disease.
    • The researchers withheld treatment from the individuals with syphilis to study the untreated disease process.
    • Informed consent is built on 16 ethical principles of respect and related to self-determination.

    Basic Ethical Principles

    • Respect for persons: Individuals should be treated autonomously with the freedom to participate or not, and those with reduced autonomy should be protected.
    • Beneficence: Research should maximize benefits and minimize harm to participants.
    • Justice: The costs and benefits of research should be distributed fairly.
    • Informed consent is provided by an individual who is legally capable of making decisions.
    • Assent is given by children between 7 and 18 years old.
    • Assent is required in addition to parental permission and should include:
      • Information about what the child will be expected to do and what will be done during the research.
      • A basic understanding of the research's purpose.
      • The ability for the child to express their preference about participation.

    Protecting Basic Human Rights: Vulnerable Groups

    • Vulnerable groups, those with diminished autonomy, may require extra precautions to protect their rights.
    • Consult agencies like the Institutional Review Board (IRB) for the latest federal and state regulations and guidelines regarding research involving vulnerable groups.

    Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

    • IRBs review studies to ensure ethical standards are met and the rights of human subjects are protected.
    • They are responsible for:
      • Protecting subjects from undue risk and loss of personal rights and dignity.
      • Assessing the risk/benefit ratio of research.
      • Approving, modifying, or disapproving research studies.

    Types of Theories in Nursing Research

    • Grand nursing theories are also known as conceptual models.
    • These theories aim to describe the broader discipline of nursing as a whole.
    • An example is Jean Watson's Theory of Caring.
    • Middle range theories focus on a limited aspect of reality and contain a limited number of concepts.
    • An example is the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms.
    • Situation-specific nursing theories are developed for a specific situation or context.

    Levels of Evidence

    • A hierarchy of evidence categories, ranked from strongest (level 1) to weakest (level 7) evidence
    • Level 1 - Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
    • Level 2 - Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
    • Level 3 - Quasi-experimental studies
    • Level 4 - Non-experimental/observational studies
    • Level 5 - Meta-synthesis of qualitative studies
    • Level 6 - Qualitative study/descriptive study
    • Level 7 - Expert opinions

    Meta-analysis vs. Meta-synthesis

    • Meta-analysis focuses on a single topic/question, using quantitative methods and statistical analysis to synthesize findings.
    • Meta-synthesis is a synthesis of several qualitative studies, involving qualitative methods.

    Florence Nightingale’s Contributions to Nursing Research

    • First to utilize statistics to support her hypothesis.
    • Groundbreaking nurse known for setting the standard for optimal patient outcomes.
    • Her work positioned her as a pioneering epidemiologist.

    Nuremberg Code

    • A set of ethical research guidelines developed after World War II, in response to Nazi human experimentation atrocities.
    • Established principles like voluntary participation, legal capacity, and informed consent, which have shaped ethical standards in research.

    Belmont Report

    • A document outlining the ethical principles for human subject research.
    • Three fundamental principles:
      • Respect for Persons:
        • Recognizing individual autonomy (freedom to participate or not)
        • Protecting individuals with reduced autonomy
      • Beneficence:
        • Maximizing benefits and minimizing harm to participants
      • Justice:
        • Ensuring equitable distribution of research benefits and costs.

    Tuskegee Experiment

    • A controversial syphilis study conducted in Alabama from 1932 to 1973.
    • Involved two groups of poor black male sharecroppers.
    • The untreated group was deliberately left without treatment for syphilis, with the aim of observing the disease's progression.
    • Informed consent is a process where individuals voluntarily agree to participate in research after understanding the potential risks and benefits.
    • Assent is obtained from children aged 7-18 years old for research participation.
    • Assent requires parental permission and includes explanations about the study, its purpose, and the child's role.

    Protecting Basic Human Rights: Vulnerable Groups

    • Research involving vulnerable groups, like children, pregnant women, or prisoners, requires extra precautions to ensure their rights are protected.
    • Consult with Institutional Review Boards for the most recent guidelines and federal and state regulations.

    Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

    • Committees responsible for ethical review of research involving human subjects
    • Assess whether ethical standards are met in terms of subject protection, minimizing risk, and maximizing benefits.
    • Have the authority to approve research, require modifications or disapprove the study.

    Types of Nursing Theories

    • Grand Nursing Theory:
      • Also known as conceptual models.
      • Broad, overarching theories encompassing the entirety of the nursing discipline.
      • Example: Jean Watson's theory of caring.
    • Middle-range Theory:
      • Limited number of concepts focusing on a specific aspect of reality.
      • Example: Theory of unpleasant symptoms in healthcare.
    • Situation Specific Nursing Theory:
      • Narrowly focused, developed for a particular setting or situation.
      • Example: A theory on pain management for elderly patients.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Quinnipiac Critical Appraisal and Concepts: Test I Exam Blueprint PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the various levels of evidence in nursing research. Explore the differences between meta-analysis and meta-synthesis, and learn about Florence Nightingale's contributions to the field. This quiz will help you understand critical concepts in evidence-based practice.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser