RN Engage 2.0 - Health Policy
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the relationship between public policy and health policy?

  • Health policy is a subset of public policy that only addresses issues related to hospitals and clinics.
  • Public policy and health policy are interchangeable terms and can be used in any context.
  • Public policy includes all laws, whereas health policy involves those laws that specifically affect health care. (correct)
  • Health policy includes all laws, whereas public policy involves those laws that specifically affect health care.

Nurses' frontline roles and expert perspectives are considered barriers to participating in the political processes related to health policy.

False (B)

Name three things that a nurse must do to become licensed.

complete an approved nursing program, apply for licensure and meet all requirements, and pass a licensing exam

Nursing programs seek ______ to demonstrate their quality and adherence to established standards.

<p>accreditation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the accrediting organization with the nursing program level it accredits:

<p>Commission for Nursing Education Accreditation (CNEA) = Practical nurse, diploma, associate, bachelor, master's, and clinical doctoral degrees Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) = Clinical doctoral, master’s, baccalaureate, associate, diploma, and practical nursing programs Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) = Baccalaureate, master’s, and doctoral programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a state's Nurse Practice Act?

<p>To regulate the scope and standards of nursing practice within that state. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC) allows nurses to practice via telehealth and easily practice across state borders, even if their primary state of residence is not part of the NLC.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the practice of obtaining a single-state license in another state through reciprocity called?

<p>endorsement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Joining a professional nursing organization, even as a student, provides opportunities for networking, accessing scholarly literature, and influencing ______.

<p>health policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the nursing organization with its focus:

<p>American Nurses Association (ANA) = Advancing the nursing profession, protecting the interests of nurses, and advocating on health care issues. National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service (NAPNES) = Promoting and defending the practice, nursing education, and regulation of practical nurses. National Association of Licensed Practical Nurses (NALPN) = Promoting competencies through education, certification, and lifelong learning for practical nurses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the ANA's Code of Ethics for nurses?

<p>To establish the ethical standard for the profession of nursing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nurse staffing laws always mandate specific nurse-to-patient ratios for all types of inpatient units in every state.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'acuity' refer to in the context of nurse staffing?

<p>the amount of nursing time required to provide nursing services for each client</p> Signup and view all the answers

Accreditation of health care organizations is ______ but suggests that a facility meets higher than minimum standards and is required for receipt of federal funding like Medicare.

<p>optional</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the healthcare accreditation organization with its focus:

<p>The Joint Commission (TJC) = Recognizes health care delivery facilities for maintaining standards of excellence through accreditation. Magnet Recognition Program (ANCC) = Recognizes organizations that provide excellence in nursing care throughout the facility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What engineering control measure is designed to protect employees from sharps injuries, as mandated by OSHA?

<p>Using needles that retract or have a self-locking sheath. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of 'Health in All Policies' (HiAP) suggests that only policies directly related to healthcare have health implications.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three examples of determinants of health.

<p>geographic location, environment, genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) is aimed to provide ______ health coverage to each person in the United States.

<p>affordable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the term related to health insurance with its definition:

<p>Underinsured = Health care costs they pay out-of-pocket total more than 10% of their annual income, or 5% if they are below the poverty level. Uninsured = Lacking health insurance coverage. Preexisting conditions = Chronic conditions that were diagnosed in the past</p> Signup and view all the answers

HIPAA's Privacy Rule applies to which forms of health information?

<p>All forms (paper, oral, and electronic) of health information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The HIPAA Security Rule primarily focuses on protecting physical security in healthcare facilities, such as restricting visitor access.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide two examples of technical safeguards that help protect electronic health information under HIPAA.

<p>authentication and encryption</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act strengthened HIPAA by improving privacy and security protections and instituting penalties for ______ in confidentiality.

<p>breaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of HIPAA safeguard with a corresponding example:

<p>Administrative safeguards = Providing HIPAA training to all employees. Physical safeguards = Backing up data on computers. Technical safeguards = Authentication, encryption, and audit controls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental protection does the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) provide?

<p>Prevention of 'patient dumping' by ensuring medical screening and stabilizing treatment for anyone presenting to an emergency department. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Patient Self-Determination Act, a healthcare organization is NOT required to inform clients of their rights to make decisions regarding their care.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give two examples of what an individual might specify in a living will.

<p>ventilator use and pain medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ allows an individual to appoint a proxy to make health care decisions on their behalf if they become unable to do so.

<p>durable power of attorney</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of advance directive with its description:

<p>Living will = Outlines an individual's wishes for medical treatment in the event they cannot make decisions. Durable power of attorney for health care = Appoints a proxy to make health care decisions on an individual's behalf if they become unable to do so.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Controlled Substances Act, which schedule includes substances with no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse?

<p>Schedule I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act mandates that insurance coverage for mental health services can have lifetime or annual dollar limits if medical or surgical benefits have the same limits.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diversion, in the context of controlled substances in healthcare?

<p>the act of a health care professional replacing the controlled substance with another liquid and taking the controlled substance for personal use</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ requires group health plans to pay for a 48-hour hospital stay after vaginal birth or a 96-hour stay after cesarean birth.

<p>newborns’ and mothers’ health protection act</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the health policy with its primary aim:

<p>Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) = Prohibits discrimination against individuals living with a physical or mental impairment that substantially hinders life activities. Uniform Anatomical Gift Act = Prohibits another person from revoking the consent of an organ donor after death. Omnibus Reconciliation Act = Provides for regulation and oversight of long-term care facilities to protect residents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'health disparities'?

<p>Differences in health outcomes based on race, ethnicity, gender, or socioeconomic status. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Health equity refers to the equal distribution of healthcare resources, regardless of individual needs or circumstances.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 80/20 rule related to health insurance plans?

<p>requires them to spend 80% of premiums on direct health care costs and quality improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is a dollar amount an individual is required to pay before health insurance benefits are aplpied, allculated annually

<p>deductible</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its description as used with insurance.

<p>Part A = Covers inpatient hospitalization and offers limited coverage for treatment at a skilled nursing facility and for home health services. Part B = Pays for outpatient treatment, diagnostic services such as imaging studies, and therapies including physical therapy and occupational therapy. Part C = Combines Parts A and B and is funded through private insurance companies and is also referred to as an Advantage Plan. Part D = Covers prescription medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) primarily serves as:

<p>The central authority on disease processes, injury and violence, and overall public health and safety. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has authority to regulate dietary supplements with the same rigor as prescription medications, ensuring their safety and efficacy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major support is provided through Special Supplementation Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)?

<p>nutritious foods to supplement diets, nutrition education, and breastfeeding support</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is a systems approach to safety that moves away from individual blame in the case of medicall errors promoting transparency accountability, and continuous improvement in health care settings.

<p>culture of safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the department to it's function.

<p>U.S Department of Health and Human Services = Oversee several agencies connected with the health of each citizen in the United States requiring health care, from newborns to older adults. US Department of Labor = Provides oversight to protect consumer's interests with regard to health insurance benefits and nurses interests and safety US Department of Justice = Has authority to enforce laws and seek justice for those quilty of unlawful behaviour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between public policy and health policy?

<p>Public policy includes all laws, whereas health policy involves those laws that specifically affect health care. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nurses' involvement in health policy is primarily limited to direct patient care and does not extend to influencing legislative decisions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the document, enacted by each state legislature, that governs the scope and standards of nursing practice?

<p>Nurse Practice Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

The multistate licensure agreement, which allows nurses to practice in multiple states, is known as the Nurse ______ Compact.

<p>Licensure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organizations with their primary focus:

<p>American Nurses Association = Advancing the nursing profession by protecting nurses' interests and advocating on health care issues. National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service = Promoting and defending the practice, nursing education, and regulation of practical nurses. National Association of Licensed Practical Nurses = Promoting competencies through education, certification, and lifelong learning for practical nurses aiming for professionalism and quality care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key provision of the ANA's Code of Ethics for nurses?

<p>Nurses should collaborate to protect human rights and reduce health disparities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Accreditation of health care delivery organizations is mandatory for all facilities to operate legally in the United States.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of determining the appropriate number and skill mix of nurses needed for the level of patient acuity on a unit?

<p>Nurse staffing</p> Signup and view all the answers

The American Nurses Credentialing Center's ______ Recognition Program recognizes health care organizations that demonstrate excellence in nursing care.

<p>Magnet</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each term related to health care quality and safety with its correct definition:

<p>Nurse staffing = Process of determining the correct number and skill mix of nurses for the number and acuity of clients needing care. Acuity = The amount of nursing time required to provide nursing services for each client. Telehealth = The use of technology to deliver nursing care remotely, most often in the form of nurse-to-patient direct calls. Nurse-to-patient ratio = The number of clients each nurse is assigned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a health care facility's policies and procedures (P&Ps)?

<p>To outline the standard of care that meets regulatory and accreditation requirements and promotes safety. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nurses are legally required to participate in the development and review of a health care facility's policies and procedures.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of measure are needles with retracting or self-locking sheaths considered under OSHA's bloodborne pathogen standard?

<p>Engineering controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of "Health in All Policies" (HiAP) suggests that every policy created, including those regarding transportation, education, and criminal justice, has ______ implications.

<p>health</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the organization with its role:

<p>Professional Nursing Organizations = Grouped by nurse interest such as specialty area or nurse role; provide collegiality, access to scholarly literature, and potential monies to support education and research. The Joint Commission = Ensures health care organizations have safety measures in place, participates in quality improvement and risk management, and maintains performance excellence. Nurse Practice Act = Law that defines the authority of the state board of nursing, identifies the types of nursing licenses and titles, and regulates nursing scope and standards of practice. Magnet Recognition = Grants status to health care organizations to designate excellence in nursing, including nurse leadership, nurse sensitive quality indicators, mutual respect, autonomy, and shared values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)?

<p>To provide affordable health coverage to each person in the United States. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the ACA, all health insurance plans are required to include coverage for a standardized list of services, but clients do not have to pay deductibles, copayments, or other out-of-pocket costs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for individuals who have health insurance but face out-of-pocket health care costs that total more than 10% of their annual income?

<p>Underinsured</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) protects individual health insurance coverage through ______, which allows individuals to continue coverage when losing employer-sponsored health insurance.

<p>portability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of safeguards under HIPAA with their descriptions:

<p>Administrative safeguards = Providing training to all employees on HIPAA policies and procedures. Physical safeguards = Backing up data on computers and placing computers in restricted areas. Technical safeguards = Using authentication, encryption, and audit controls to protect electronic health information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act?

<p>To promote the use of information technology in health care settings in a meaningful way. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA), a hospital may transfer a patient to another facility based solely on the patient's inability to pay for treatment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of advance directive allows an individual to appoint a proxy to make health care decisions on their behalf if they become unable to do so?

<p>Durable power of attorney for health care</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Controlled Substances Act, substances in Schedule ______ have a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use, meaning they cannot be prescribed.

<p>I</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the health care policy with its provisions:

<p>Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) = Requires that health care organizations that offer emergency services provide a medical screening examination and stabilizing treatment to anyone who presents for care, regardless of the individual’s insurance status or ability to pay. Controlled Substances Act = Regulates medications with a potential for abuse by placing them in categories called schedules and requiring health care organizations to ensure scheduled drugs are stored with additional locking mechanisms. Newborns’ and Mothers’ Health Protection Act = Requires insurers to cover a minimum stay for mothers and neonates for at least 48 hr after giving birth vaginally and 96 hr after cesarean birth. Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act = Requires insurers and federal payers to reimburse for mental illness and substance use disorder care equally to medical illness or surgical intervention and mandates no lifetime or annual dollar limit for services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act?

<p>To ensure that individuals with mental illness receive coverage equal to those with medical illness or need for surgical intervention. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that individuals with disabilities receive special treatment and accommodations beyond what is offered to the general public.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act, what prevents another person from revoking the consent of an organ donor after death?

<p>The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act prohibits another person from revoking the consent of an organ donor after death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Omnibus Reconciliation Act provides for regulation and oversight of long-term care facilities, including forbidding the use of ______ restraints to manage behavior without a specific medical condition.

<p>chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which health policies may apply to Jessica’s hospitalization? (Match each option with the applicable category)

<p>Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act = Policy applies Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act = Policy applies Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act = Policy applies The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act = Policy does not apply</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'health disparities'?

<p>Preventable differences in the incidence and prevalence of disease based on factors like race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ANA's Code of Ethics states that health is a universal right, and nurses must advocate for reducing health disparities.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the dollar amount an individual is required to pay each year before their health insurance benefits are applied?

<p>Deductible</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA), individuals who lose their job or experience reduced work hours can maintain their health insurance coverage, but they must pay ______ insurance costs out-of-pocket.

<p>all</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms regarding access to care with their definitions:

<p>Health Disparities = Preventable differences in the incidence and prevalence of disease, injury, or violence, based on race; ethnicity; gender; gender identity; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning, intersex, or asexual (LGBTQIA) status; age; or socioeconomic status. Health Inequity = Unjust, avoidable, uneven distribution of resources that impact health, stemming from systematic racism and discrimination based on race, ethnicity, gender, gender identity or LGBTQIA status, or low socioeconomic status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key feature of Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs)?

<p>They consist of networks of providers who share costs and coordinate services for a population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Medicare, Medicaid, and CHIP are overseen by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a patient develops a hospital-acquired infection (HAI) like MRSA during a hospital stay, what is the reimbursement policy of Medicare and Medicaid?

<p>The health care organization is not reimbursed</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality promotes a ______ of safety, which is a systems approach to safety that shifts away from individual blame in the case of medical errors.

<p>culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is reviewing the roles of various government entities in promoting and regulating health care. Which two of the following agencies should the nurse recognize as having responsibility for ensuring the safety and quality of food and medical products?

<p>Food and Drug Administration (FDA) = Select U.S. Department of Agriculture = Select CDC = Do not select NIH = Do not select Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality = Do not select</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Administration on Aging (AoA)?

<p>To protect the concerns and interests of older adults and their caregivers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) serves as an official authority on disease processes, injury and violence, and overall health and safety of the public.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Department of Defense (DOD) in health care?

<p>Providing health care to country's military personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

The U.S. Department of Labor provides oversight to protect consumers' interests with regard to health insurance benefits and ______' interests and safety in the workplace.

<p>nurses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the health policies with their provisions:

<p>Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) = Protects the privacy and security of individuals’ health information. Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) = Requires hospitals to provide emergency medical care regardless of a patient’s ability to pay. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) = Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities. Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) = Requires health care organizations to inform patients of their rights to make decisions about their care, including advance directives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor most significantly influences the scope of practice for a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)?

<p>State-specific guidelines and regulations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Public policy encompasses all governmental decisions, while health policy is limited to laws specifically affecting health care.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step one must take to become a nurse?

<p>Choosing and being accepted into a nursing program</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nursing programs seek ___________ to demonstrate their quality and adherence to standards.

<p>accreditation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organizations with their roles in nursing education and practice:

<p>State Board of Nursing = Regulates nursing education programs and licensure within a state. American Nurses Association (ANA) = Advances the nursing profession by protecting nurses' interests and advocating on health care issues. National League for Nursing (NLN) = Focuses on continuous quality improvement of nursing programs across the academic spectrum. Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) = Accredits various levels of nursing programs through a peer-reviewed, self-regulatory process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse wants to practice telehealth across state lines. What should the nurse do?

<p>Obtain a multistate license through the Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Nurse Practice Act is consistent across all states in the United States.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the most important functions of professional nursing organizations?

<p>Promoting health policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

___________ is the process of determining the correct number and skill mix of nurses for the number and acuity of clients needing care.

<p>Nurse staffing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to healthcare accreditation and recognition with their definitions:

<p>The Joint Commission (TJC) = Recognizes health care delivery facilities for maintaining standards of excellence through accreditation. Magnet Recognition Program = Recognizes organizations that provide excellence in nursing care throughout the facility. Accreditation = Suggests that a facility meets higher than minimum standards and is required for federal funding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of having written policies and procedures (P&Ps) in healthcare organizations?

<p>To standardize nursing interventions and promote patient safety. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Health in All Policies (HiAP) concept suggests that only policies directly related to health have health implications.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym HIPAA stand for, and what is its primary purpose?

<p>Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; to protect individual health insurance coverage and safeguard clients’ protected health information</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _______ Act requires healthcare organizations to inform clients of their rights to make decisions regarding their care and to indicate whether the client has made an advance directive.

<p>Patient Self-Determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following schedules of controlled substances with their potential for abuse and accepted medical uses:

<p>Schedule I = No accepted medical use; high potential for abuse (e.g., heroin, LSD). Schedule II = High potential for abuse and severe physical or psychological dependence (e.g., fentanyl, methamphetamine). Schedule III = Potential for abuse, but less than substances in Schedules I and II (e.g., anabolic steroids, ketamine). Schedule IV = Lower potential for abuse (e.g., alprazolam, lorazepam).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act ensure?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Health equity refers to the equal distribution of resources, regardless of individual needs or systemic barriers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a deductible in the context of health insurance?

<p>A dollar amount an individual is required to pay before health insurance benefits are applied, calculated annually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______ consist of networks of providers of health care services that join together to share the costs and coordination of services for a population.

<p>Accountable care organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services agencies with their primary focus areas:

<p>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) = Serves as an official authority on disease processes, injury and violence, and overall health and safety of the public. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) = Ensures the safety and quality of medications, vaccines, food, and medical devices. National Institutes of Health (NIH) = Conducts and funds research related to health, life, illness, and disability. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) = Provides leadership and resources to reduce the impact of mental illness and substance abuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Health Policy

Laws and government decisions intended to achieve specific health care goals.

Health Policy & Nursing Practice

Regulations that protect consumers and maintain standards of nursing practice.

Program Approval

Meeting requirements set by the state board of nursing for nursing education programs.

Accreditation

Demonstrates quality through self-evaluation and on-site visits by evaluators.

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Nurse Practice Act

The law governing the scope and standards of nursing practice in a state.

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Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC)

Multistate license that allows nurses to practice in participating states.

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Endorsement

Obtaining a single-state license through reciprocity after passing the NCLEX.

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Telehealth

Using technology to deliver nursing care remotely.

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Professional Nursing Organizations

Promote interests of nurses through health policy.

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American Nurses Association (ANA)

Organization advancing nursing by protecting interests, safety, and ethics.

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Advocacy

Standing up for the rights and needs of vulnerable clients.

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Code of Ethics (ANA)

Defines ethical nursing practice and professionalism for the discipline.

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Nurse Staffing

Determining the number and skill mix of nurses for client care needs.

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Nurse-to-Patient Ratio

Number of patients assigned to each nurse.

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Acuity

Amount of nursing time required for a client's care.

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Accreditation of Organizations

Meeting standards of excellence in healthcare delivery.

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Magnet Recognition

Recognizes hospitals for excellence in nursing care.

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Engineering Controls

Sharps injury prevention measures such as needles that retract

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Health Policy Protecting Nurses

The safety of nurses takes the form of organizational policies and regulatory law.

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Determinants of Health

Factors affecting individual and community health.

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Health in All Policies (HiAP)

Every policy created has health implications.

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Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Law providing affordable health coverage.

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Underinsured

Health care costs are more than 10% of annual income.

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Uninsured

Lacking health insurance coverage.

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Preexisting Conditions

Chronic conditions diagnosed in the past.

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HIPAA

Law protecting health insurance coverage and safeguarding protected health information.

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Advance Directives

Written documents outlining wishes if unable to make decisions.

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Living Wills

Decide what lifesaving measures are desired.

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Durable Power of Attorney

Appoint someone to make decisions on their behalf .

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Controlled Substances Act

Regulates substances with abuse potential.

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Diversion

Replacing medication with another liquid and taking controlled substance for personal use.

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Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act

Medical and mental illness covered equally

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Newborns’ and Mothers’ Health Protection Act

Guarantees a minimum hospital stay after birth.

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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities.

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Uniform Anatomical Gift Act

Prohibits revoking organ donor consent after death.

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Omnibus Reconciliation Act

Protects long-term care residents through regulation.

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Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)

Medical screening regardless of insurance status.

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Mortality

The percentage of mothers who die in childbirth

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Health Disparities

Differences in health outcomes due to unequal access.

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Health Inequity

Unjust distribution of resources impacting health.

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Health Equity

Removing obstacles leading to a fair distribution of resources.

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Social Justice

Eliminates health inequities.

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Deductibles

Amount paid before insurance covers costs.

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Copays

Fixed amount paid for services at the time of care.

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Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

Improving safety and quality through evidence.

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Culture of Safety

Commitment to acknowledge and address concerns.

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Administration on Aging (AoA)

Protecting older adults' interests and concerns .

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Authority on disease processes and prevention.

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Epidemiology

Concerned with incidence and prevalence of illness.

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Morbidity

Rate of affliction/illness in a defined population.

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