Nursing Questions on Pleurisy and Pneumonia
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Questions and Answers

What specific symptom is considered diagnostic for pleurisy?

  • Shortness of breath
  • Plural friction rub (correct)
  • Cough
  • Sharp inspiratory pain radiating to the shoulder or abdomen

    • Which of the following interventions is NOT recommended for a patient with pneumonia?

  • Encouraging coughing and deep breathing
  • Providing a humidifier
  • Positioning the patient in high Fowler's position
  • Limiting fluid intake to three liters per day (correct)

    • What is the primary purpose of positioning a patient with pleurisy with the good lung up?

  • To optimize oxygenation by maximizing the function of the healthy lung (correct)
  • To prevent the spread of infection
  • To relieve pressure on the affected lung
  • To facilitate drainage of fluid from the pleural space

    • Which of these conditions can contribute to the development of pleurisy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Plural trauma (A), Early stages of tuberculosis (TB) (C), Lung tumor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with limiting coughing and deep breathing in patients with pleurisy?

    <p>It can increase the risk of developing pneumonia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the pus accumulation in the pleural space?

    <p>Empyema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for pneumonia vaccinations for older adults?

    <p>Every five years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inflammation of the visceral and parietal pleura?

    <p>Pleurisy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient presents with shortness of breath, diminished lung sounds, and a low-grade fever. Which condition is most likely the cause of these symptoms?

    <p>Atelectasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of a pleurodesis procedure?

    <p>To prevent future infections in the pleural space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common diagnostic tool used to assess atelectasis?

    <p>Thoracentesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of events leading to the development of empyema?

    <p>Plural effusion -&gt; infection -&gt; inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible complication of pleural effusion?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with atelectasis is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

    <p>Shortness of breath and decreased lung sounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a clear X drainage kit?

    <p>To provide continuous closed drainage of the pleural space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a possible treatment for atelectasis?

    <p>Thoracentesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for a pneumothorax?

    <p>History of asthma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a chest tube in the treatment of pneumothorax?

    <p>To remove air and re-establish negative pressure in the pleural space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following clinical manifestations is NOT associated with pneumothorax?

    <p>Elevated blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for pneumothorax?

    <p>Chest tube insertion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication associated with chest tube placement for pneumothorax?

    <p>Stasis pneumonia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a pneumothorax?

    <p>A collection of air or gas in the pleural space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of incentive spirometry for patients with respiratory conditions?

    <p>To strengthen respiratory muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical treatment for patients with respiratory conditions?

    <p>Diuretics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the water seal chamber in a chest drainage system?

    <p>To provide a one-way valve allowing air to escape but not enter the chest cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'tidling' refer to in the context of a chest drainage system?

    <p>The rhythmic fluctuation of the water level in the water seal chamber due to respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to keep the chest drainage system below the insertion site?

    <p>To prevent the drainage from flowing back into the chest cavity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of monitoring drainage output over time?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for avoiding clamping the chest drainage tube for extended periods?

    <p>It can lead to a tension pneumothorax. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal approach to managing a patient with a chest drainage system who experiences shortness of breath?

    <p>Administer supplemental oxygen and monitor vital signs closely. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are chest X-rays routinely performed in patients with chest drainage systems?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk associated with prolonged clamping of a chest drainage tube?

    <p>Tension pneumothorax (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential medical manifestation of the condition described in the first paragraph?

    <p>Skin rash (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose the most accurate statement about the transmission of the condition discussed in the first paragraph:

    <p>It primarily spreads via droplets, but can become airborne through aerosolization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic test typically performed for the condition mentioned in the first paragraph?

    <p>Blood test for blood sugar levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The management of the condition discussed in the first paragraph typically involves:

    <p>Antibiotics, antiviral medications, and corticosteroids, along with respiratory isolation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most accurate way to interpret the phrase 'aerosolized droplets' as used in the text?

    <p>Droplets that have been dispersed in the air due to forceful expulsion, like coughing or high oxygen flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following individuals are typically placed in airborne precautions?

    <p>Individuals receiving high oxygen flow, on ventilators, or using mechanical ventilation devices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between infection and active disease regarding the condition discussed in the second paragraph?

    <p>Infection signifies a dormant state, while active disease means the individual is contagious and experiencing symptoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most accurate implication of the statement 'It usually attacks the lungs, but it can affect the kidneys, spleen and brain' regarding the condition discussed in the second paragraph?

    <p>The condition primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to other organs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a patient with COPD in the early stages of the disease?

    <p>Barrel chest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary physiological reason for the development of clubbing of the fingers in COPD patients?

    <p>Body's response to low oxygen levels and attempt to increase oxygen carrying capacity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following clinical manifestations of COPD is directly related to the body's attempt to compensate for reduced oxygen levels?

    <p>Hypercapnia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with providing too much oxygen to a COPD patient during acute care?

    <p>Suppression of the respiratory drive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is LEAST likely to be used in the diagnostic evaluation of a patient suspected of having COPD?

    <p>Urinalysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological reason behind the characteristic breathing pattern described as a '1:1 ratio' in COPD patients?

    <p>Air trapping in the alveoli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT a direct consequence of the progression of COPD?

    <p>Hepatitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, what is the primary distinction between acute and chronic care for COPD patients?

    <p>Acute care involves managing exacerbations, while chronic care focuses on managing stable disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory Disorders and Conditions (Part 2)

    • Lower Airway Disorders: Acute bronchitis, inflammation of the bronchial tree, usually triggered by infection or inhaled irritants.
    • Clinical Manifestations: Productive cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest pain/tightness, low-grade fever, headache.
    • Diagnosis: Chest X-ray, sputum cultures.
    • Management: Bronchodilators, antibiotics, antipyretics (fever reducers) and analgesics (pain relievers), fluids (avoiding milk).
    • Important Considerations: Rest, encouraging cough and deep breathing, smoking cessation (paralyzes cilia, hindering secretion removal).
    • Legionnaires' Disease: Caused by Legionella pneumophila, thrives in water reservoirs (e.g., AC units, hot tubs). Life-threatening pneumonia, leading to respiratory failure, renal failure, septic shock, and potentially death. Incubation period: 2-14 days.

    Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

    • Cause: Coronavirus (not COVID).
    • Transmission: Close contact, airborne droplets.
    • Symptoms: Elevated temperature, headache, muscle aches, mild respiratory symptoms (e.g., dry cough, shortness of breath).

    Tuberculosis (TB)

    • Cause: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
    • Stages: Active (contagious), inactive (dormant), latent.
    • Symptoms: Fever, chills, night sweats, weight loss, weakness, productive cough, clubbing of fingers/toes, swollen or tender lymph nodes in the neck.
    • Diagnostic Tests: Tuberculin skin test, chest X-ray, acid-fast smear, sputum cultures.
    • Management: Antibiotic treatment (e.g., Isoniazid, Rifampin) for a prolonged duration (e.g., six to nine months). Airborne precautions until contagious status is confirmed

    Pneumonia

    • Cause: Bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections; aspiration, or accumulation of fluid in the interstitial tissue
    • Respiratory symptoms: Productive coughing, pain, fever, chills, elevated temperature, shortness of breath, crackles.
    • Sputum Appearance: Rust (Streptococcus pneumonia), salmon (Staphylococcus), yellow or green (viral). Nonproductive sputum suggests other causes, such as Mycoplasma.
    • Diagnosis: Chest X-rays, blood cultures, sputum analysis, and other tests.
    • Management: Antibiotics (targeted towards bacterial causes), analgesics, fluids, expectorants.

    Pleural Effusion (Pleura)

    • Cause: Fluid accumulation in the pleural space surrounding the lungs, often a complication.
    • Symptoms: Difficulty breathing, chest pain (inspiratory or painful), reduced oxygen levels, diminished sounds or crackles, possibly fever.
    • Diagnostics: Chest X-rays to detect plural fluid.
    • Management: Thoracentesis (fluid removal).
    • Other complications: Infection (e.g., empyema).
    • Prevention: Treatment of underlying causes

    Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

    • Cause: Direct or indirect pulmonary injuries, including pneumonia, trauma, aspiration, near drowning.
    • Symptoms: Difficulty breathing; reduced oxygen levels; chest pain, abnormal lung sounds.
    • Diagnosis: Chest X-rays, blood tests, and other tests.
    • Management: Respiratory support measures including oxygen, ventilators, and medication to treat underlying and contributing factors.

    Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

    • Cause: Blood clots (DVT) travelling to the pulmonary arteries
    • Symptoms: Chest pain, shortness of breath, sudden onset, anxiety, clammy or bluish skin.
    • Diagnostics: Ventilation-perfusion scan (V/Q scan), CT angiogram and other diagnostic and medical tests.
    • Management: Anticoagulants, supportive care.

    Asthma

    • Cause: Narrowing of airways due to various factors, including allergens, respiratory infections, stress, and exercise.
    • Symptoms: Wheezing, cough (exploratory or inspiratory), difficulty breathing, tightness in the chest, decreased breath sounds potentially.
    • Diagnostics: Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), blood tests for eosinophils.
    • Management: Bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids. Prevention of triggers.

    Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

    • Cause: Emphysema, chronic bronchitis. Smoking is a dominant factor in most COPD cases.
    • Symptoms: Dyspnea (shortness of breath), cough (chronic), excessive mucus production, barrel chest, clubbing of fingers, rapid breathing (to compensate); reduced breathing volume.
    • Diagnostics: Pulmonary function tests (PFTs).
    • Management: Oxygen therapy, bronchodilators, mucolytics, pulmonary rehabilitation, pneumonia vaccine. Avoiding triggers.

    Lung Cancer

    • Types: Small cell, non-small cell (squamous, adenocarcinoma, large cell).
    • Symptoms: Persistent cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, unexplained weight loss, fatigue.
    • Diagnostics: Chest X-ray, CT scan, bronchoscopy, biopsies.
    • Management: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy.

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    Respiratory Disorders & Conditions PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on pleurisy and pneumonia with this quiz focused on key symptoms, interventions, and diagnostic tools. Understand critical concepts such as pleural inflammation, patient positioning, and vaccinations for older adults. Ideal for nursing students and healthcare professionals.

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