Podcast
Questions and Answers
When administering potassium to a patient with a fluid deficit, what is the crucial factor to consider before giving it?
When administering potassium to a patient with a fluid deficit, what is the crucial factor to consider before giving it?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of respiratory alkalosis?
What is the most appropriate nursing priority for a patient with hypercalcemia?
What is the most appropriate nursing priority for a patient with hypercalcemia?
Which type of immunity provides the most long-term protection from infection?
Which type of immunity provides the most long-term protection from infection?
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A patient with HIV/AIDS has a CD4+ count of 250. What stage of HIV infection are they in?
A patient with HIV/AIDS has a CD4+ count of 250. What stage of HIV infection are they in?
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Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Stage 1 Lyme disease?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Stage 1 Lyme disease?
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What is the primary purpose of the thymus gland in the immune system?
What is the primary purpose of the thymus gland in the immune system?
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Which of the following is NOT a common complication associated with Lupus?
Which of the following is NOT a common complication associated with Lupus?
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Which of the following conditions is characterized by a low pH and high carbon dioxide levels in the blood?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a low pH and high carbon dioxide levels in the blood?
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What is the primary function of DEET when used for tick prevention?
What is the primary function of DEET when used for tick prevention?
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Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in a Level 1 triage in the Emergency Department?
Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in a Level 1 triage in the Emergency Department?
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What is the primary mechanism by which water moves across cell membranes in osmosis?
What is the primary mechanism by which water moves across cell membranes in osmosis?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of trauma?
Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of trauma?
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During a rapid response team activation, what is the primary focus of the nurse's assessment?
During a rapid response team activation, what is the primary focus of the nurse's assessment?
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How does the RAAS system help maintain fluid balance in the body?
How does the RAAS system help maintain fluid balance in the body?
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Which of the following is considered a hypotonic solution?
Which of the following is considered a hypotonic solution?
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Which of the following factors is NOT a social determinant of health?
Which of the following factors is NOT a social determinant of health?
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What is the most important assessment to perform immediately upon arrival of a trauma patient in the ED?
What is the most important assessment to perform immediately upon arrival of a trauma patient in the ED?
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Study Notes
Role of the RN in QI
- Registered Nurses (RNs) play a vital role in quality improvement (QI).
Critical Thinking, Clinical Reasoning, and Systems Thinking
- Critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and systems thinking are important skills for nurses.
Rapid Response Team and ED Nursing
- The role of the rapid response team is crucial in the Emergency Department (ED).
- Vulnerable populations are important to consider in the ED.
- Social determinants of health significantly impact patient care in the ED.
- ED safety protocols are critical for patient well-being.
- Priorities of care in the ED follow a primary survey (airway/c-spine, breathing, circulation, disability [GCS], expose) and triage (levels 1-5).
- Mechanism of injury assessment helps predict injury patterns and severity (e.g., blunt, penetrating).
- Complications of trauma include hemorrhage, airway compromise, sepsis, and hypothermia.
Fluids and Electrolytes
- Ions move by diffusion (high to low) and active transport (low to high).
- Water moves by osmosis (low to high) and filtration (high to low).
- Homeostasis is vital for optimal cellular and organismal function.
- Intake and output measurements are essential for monitoring fluid balance.
- Fluid volume excess (FVE) is characterized by weight gain, hypertension, tachycardia, bounding pulse, crackles, dyspnea, orthopnea, pitting edema, and jugular vein distention.
- Fluid volume deficit (FVD) presents with weight loss, hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, poor/tenting turgor, dry mucous membranes, oliguria.
- The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) responds to decreased blood flow by reducing urine output, constricting arteries, and increasing blood volume/pressure.
- Isotonic fluids have equal osmotic pressure.
- Hypotonic fluids have lower osmotic pressure.
- Hypertonic fluids have higher osmotic pressure.
- Fluid balance in children is critical due to potential for dehydration from diarrhea, vomiting, fever, or medications. Rehydration strategies include oral, IV, and careful attention to potassium replenishment, only after urine output is assured adequate. Replacement of volume deficits with 20 ml/kg fluid boluses may be needed.
- Fluid balance in the elderly requires awareness of reduced body water percentage, decreased thirst, difficulty obtaining fluids, medications increasing fluid loss.
Electrolytes and Imbalances
- Normal ranges, symptoms, causes, and treatments for sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium imbalances are covered (see table below for a quick summary.)
- The table is not provided.
Acid-Base Balance
- Normal arterial blood gas (ABG) values are pH 7.35-7.45, PaCO2 35-45 mmHg, and HCO3- 22-26 mEq/L.
- Respiratory acidosis results from hypoventilation.
- Respiratory alkalosis results from hyperventilation.
- Metabolic acidosis results from conditions like DKA, diarrhea, or kidney failure.
- Metabolic alkalosis results from conditions such as excessive vomiting
Immune System
- Components include tonsils, adenoids, thymus, lymph nodes, appendix, spleen, bone marrow, Peyer's patches, cells, and tissues.
- The immune system protects the body from infection.
- The immune response involves recognizing and defending against foreign substances.
- The inflammatory response is part of innate immunity.
- Adaptive and innate immune cells arise through complex processes.
- Different types of immunity exist, with long-term protection often from adaptive responses.
- Hypersensitivity reactions (types I-IV) are explained in relation to their causes, symptoms, and management.
- Autoimmune conditions, like Lupus and Lyme disease, are highlighted including their symptoms, prevention, and management.
HIV
- HIV viral load and CD4 count are key indicators.
- Stages of HIV infection are described from acute through AIDS.
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Description
This quiz delves into the vital roles of Registered Nurses in quality improvement and the Emergency Department. It explores critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and systems thinking, alongside the functioning of rapid response teams and the importance of safety protocols. Understanding fluid and electrolyte management is also emphasized for comprehensive nursing care.
