Nursing Process and Research Problem Assessment

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Questions and Answers

What primary elements are typically included in a research problem statement, as exemplified in the content?

  • Subject of inquiry, population, and purpose of the study. (correct)
  • Data analysis techniques and statistical software used.
  • The research timeline, budget, and resources allocated.
  • Ethical considerations, limitations, and potential biases.

Which of the following is a key benefit of a well-stated research problem?

  • It ensures the results will be statistically significant.
  • It guarantees funding for the research project.
  • It guides the researcher in determining the research design. (correct)
  • It eliminates the need for data collection.

In the context of the provided information, what are the five basic aspects of the nursing process that are commonly assessed?

  • Assessment, medication administration, documentation, patient education, discharge planning.
  • Assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. (correct)
  • Data collection, problem identification, goal setting, intervention, and feedback.
  • Admission, treatment, observation, support, and referral.

What does the content suggest is the ultimate aim of assessing staff nurses' knowledge and clinical performance of the nursing process?

<p>To improve the curriculum, related learning experiences, and staff development programs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a research scenario where the correlation between a nurse's years of experience and their adherence to nursing process guidelines is being investigated. Assuming the nursing process adheres to the aspects outlined, what statistical challenge might arise if 'nursing diagnosis' is consistently misinterpreted across the sample, and how could this impact the validity of the study?

<p>Measurement error; attenuates the true correlation, potentially leading to a Type II error, requiring error correction techniques such as regression calibration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best embodies the purpose of a research title?

<p>To provide a concise overview of the research variables and target population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the guidelines presented, what is the recommended word count range for a research title?

<p>10-15 words (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good research title?

<p>Including complex jargon to demonstrate expertise. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of structuring a multi-line research title in an inverted pyramid format?

<p>To improve readability and visual appeal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is crucial to include in a research title to ensure it accurately reflects the study's focus?

<p>The variables being investigated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying the impact of shift work on the mental health of nurses in urban hospitals. Which of the following titles is most aligned with the principles of specificity, relevance, and conciseness?

<p>Impact of Rotating Shift Schedules on Mental Health of Nurses in Urban Hospitals: A Quantitative Analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a study investigating the correlation between socio-economic status, access to healthcare, and prevalence of diabetes in rural communities. Which title MOST comprehensively encapsulates the research scope while adhering to brevity and APA guidelines, assuming the study employs mixed-methods?

<p>Socio-Economic Determinants of Diabetes Prevalence and Healthcare Access Disparities in Rural Communities: A Mixed-Methods Investigation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key characteristic defines a time-bound variable?

<p>Its existence within a defined timeframe. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In research, what is the primary role of an explanatory variable?

<p>To indicate the direction of influence and what the researcher aims to discover. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another term used to describe an independent variable?

<p>Causal variable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A dependent variable is most accurately described as:

<p>A variable affected or influenced by the independent variable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of variable might include environmental conditions?

<p>Exogenous variable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a study examining the impact of a new teaching method on student test scores, what type of variable would 'prior student knowledge' be considered if it affects the outcome but is not the focus of the study?

<p>Confounding variable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying the effect of a drug dosage on reaction time. Participants are given either 50mg, 100mg, or 150mg of the drug. What type of variable is the drug dosage in this scenario?

<p>Active variable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a study on the effectiveness of a weight loss program where participants self-select into either the program group or a control group. What type of variable is 'motivation level' if it impacts program adherence and weight loss, and is also correlated with which group participants chose?

<p>Confounding Variable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher aims to study the effects of mindfulness meditation on test anxiety among college students. However, some students in the meditation group also independently seek cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety. What type of variable is 'engagement in CBT' in this study, and how could it most effectively be addressed analytically?

<p>'Engagement in CBT' is a <em>confounding variable</em>, and its impact should be assessed through statistical techniques like ANCOVA or stratified analysis to isolate the effect of meditation from CBT. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the study 'Family Economic Profile and the Incidence of Malnutrition among Residents of District 5, Manila, Philippines,' which variable is most likely the independent variable?

<p>Family Economic Profile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the study 'Leadership Skills and Birth Order in the Family among selected Nursing Students in Adamson University,' what role does 'Birth Order' likely play?

<p>Independent Variable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a study examining 'Managerial Skills of Clinical Preceptors and Student Nurse's Performance,' which variable is the dependent variable?

<p>Student Nurse's Performance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying the 'Caring Behaviors of Medical Ward Nurses in a selected Government Hospital in Metro Manila.' What type of study is this most likely to be, given the information provided?

<p>Descriptive Study (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an organismic variable?

<p>Ethnicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of variable is directly manipulated by a researcher in an experimental study?

<p>Active Variable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a confounding variable?

<p>A variable that exists between the independent and dependent variable, affecting their relationship. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines an environmental variable?

<p>Economic, anthropological, sociological, and physical factors influencing the study. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of variable is NOT a direct focus of the study but affects the results to some extent?

<p>Extraneous/Exogenous Variable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a dichotomous variable?

<p>It has only two possible values. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of an organismic variable?

<p>It is a physiological, psychological, or demographic factor inherent to the participant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is evaluating the impact of a new teaching method on student test scores, but notices that students who attend review sessions consistently score higher. If attendance to review sessions is not controlled for, what type of variable would this represent?

<p>Confounding Variable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an abstract/continuous variable?

<p>Age (values from 0 to 100) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a study examining the effect of a new drug on blood pressure, what is the most likely independent variable?

<p>The new drug (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a study examining the effects of a new drug on blood pressure, researchers find that the drug is effective in male participants but not in female participants. If the researchers did not initially account for sex, how should sex be classified in this context?

<p>An extraneous variable that acts as a moderator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between extraneous/exogenous variables and the phenomenon under study?

<p>They are factors external to the subjects that may have an impact on the phenomenon. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a study examining the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), measured using a continuous scale, and academic achievement among high school students. The researchers hypothesize that students from higher SES backgrounds will generally achieve higher grades, but they are aware that access to quality educational resources also plays a crucial role. Furthermore, the researchers acknowledge that unobservable factors, such as inherent student motivation and prior educational experiences, could also influence academic outcomes. If the researchers attempt to control for these potential confounders by statistically adjusting for their effects during the data analysis, which type of variable would the 'inherent student motivation' BEST represent, given that it cannot be directly measured?

<p>Latent Confounding Variable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is conducting a study on the effectiveness of a new teaching method. What would be an example of a potential confounding variable if not properly controlled?

<p>The students' prior knowledge of the subject (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher aims to investigate the correlation between socioeconomic status and access to healthcare. Given the complex interplay of factors, which type of variable best describes socioeconomic status in this context?

<p>Abstract/Continuous Variable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a quasi-experimental study assessing the impact of a mandatory exercise program ($E$) on employee productivity ($P$). The researchers find a positive correlation, but fail to account for pre-existing employee health conditions ($H$) and variations in job complexity ($J$). If $P=f(E, H, J)$, which is the most accurate characterization of these variables, assuming no randomization?

<p>$E$ is Independent, $P$ is Dependent, $H$ and $J$ are Confounding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Research Problem

An issue observed or perceived that needs investigation.

Research Gap

The area that is lacking information or needs further exploration.

Research Title

Expresses the main idea of the research in 10-15 substantive words.

Characteristics of a Good Research Title

Should be specific, measurable, attainable, and relevant.

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Techniques in Writing Research Title

Includes clarity, specificity, academic phrasing, and correct length.

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Variables in Research Title

Elements or factors being investigated that should be included in the title.

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Evidence-Based Practice

Clinical decision-making based on the best available research and evidence.

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Time-bound variable

A variable defined within a specific period of time for research.

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Independent Variable

A variable that is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

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Dependent Variable

The variable that is measured to see the effects of the independent variable.

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Confounding Variable

An external variable that can affect the results of an experiment unintentionally.

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Explanatory Variable

The variable that indicates the direction of influence in research, synonym of independent variable.

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Extraneous Variable

An unexpected variable that can influence the outcome of research, but is not of primary interest.

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Active Variable

A variable that can be manipulated or controlled by the researcher in an experiment.

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Organismic Variable

Variables that pertain to the subjects' characteristics and cannot be manipulated (like age, gender).

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Dichotomous Variable

A variable that can take on only two values (e.g. yes/no, true/false).

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Independent Variable (IV)

The variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment.

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Dependent Variable (DV)

The variable that is measured or affected in an experiment.

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Caring Behaviors

Actions by nurses that demonstrate compassion and care towards patients.

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Environmental Variable

Factors from the environment that may affect study results.

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Abstract Variable

A variable that cannot be directly measured and is conceptual.

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Nursing Process

A series of steps including assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation used by nurses.

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Clinical Performance

The execution of clinical skills and professional duties by nurses in their practice.

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Correlation in Research

A statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two variables are related.

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Staff Development Program

Training and educational initiatives aimed at enhancing the skills and knowledge of nursing staff.

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Self-Perception in Nursing

The way nurses view their own knowledge and performance compared to how it is viewed by others.

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Abstract/Continuous Variable

Variables that can take any value in a range and are quantitatively measured.

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Extraneous/Exogenous Variables

Variables from outside the main study affecting results.

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Study Notes

Evidence-Based Practice & Research in Nursing

  • The presentation covers formulation of problems in evidence-based nursing practice and research.

The Conceptual Phase

  • The conceptual phase is part of nursing curriculum and course development.
  • Key components of the researched covered include contributions, course specifications, observed/perceived problem, setting, respondents, ways of getting/processing data, research gap, and factors to consider when writing research.

Title of the Study

  • A research title must embody substantive words or phrases that encompass the research's essence.
  • Titles typically consist of 10-15 words.
  • The title should include the variables and target population involved.

Techniques in Writing Research Titles

  • A research title should clearly describe the study's focus.
  • It needs high specificity and should be academically phrased, not wordy.
  • Should adhere to APA (American Psychological Association) guidelines with 10-15 substantive words.
  • The title should be presented in inverted pyramid format, with broader concepts at the beginning and more specific details at the end, if the title spans multiple lines.
  • The variables being investigated should be included in the title.

Characteristics of a Research Title

  • Titles should be specific, defining the goal, variables, and location of the research.
  • They must be measurable, meaning quantifiable data and results should be used.
  • The title should be attainable, ensuring the research is realistic and possible.
  • Titles need to be relevant, aligning with current time, period, or circumstances.
  • Titles should be time-bound, setting a specific timeframe for the research.

Kinds of Variables

  • Research involves several variable types; explanatory, extraneous/exogenous, abstract/continuous, dichotomous, and active.

Explanatory Variable

  • Independent, dependent and confounding variables fall under explanatory variables; these are variables researchers focus on to understand the direction of influence.

Extraneous/Exogenous Variables

  • Organismic and environmental variables are examples of extraneous variables.
  • They don't directly relate to the research focus but could impact findings.

Abstract/Continuous Variables

  • Variables with different values that can be measured quantitatively and statistically tested are examples of abstract and continuous variables.

Dichotomous Variables

  • Variables with only two possible values are known as dichotomous variables.

Active Variables

  • The researcher actively creates and manipulates these variables in experimental studies.

Identify IV and DV

  • IV (Independent Variable) and DV (Dependent Variable) are critical in research
  • Example: Family economic profile and incidence of malnutrition, Manila

Identifying IV and DV Examples

  • Leadership Skills and birth order in family among selected nursing students at Adamson University

  • Manager skills of clinical preceptors and student nurses' performance.

  • Caring Behaviors of medical ward nurses

Variables That Exist Between Independent and Dependent Variables

  • Variables that exist between the independent and dependent variables make the relationship between them strong or weak.

Confounding Variables

  • Confounding variables may cause a distortion in the relationship between, the independent and dependent variables.

Identify the Confounding Variables

  • Identifying confounding variables is crucial to ensure accurate research.

Types of Variables

  • Variables types include explanatory, extraneous/exogenous, abstract/continuous, dichotomous, and active.

Abstract/Continuous Variable Examples

  • Age (values from 0 to 100) and Blood Pressure (BP) values (e.g., 120/80, 100/110).

Dichotomous Variable Examples

  • Smoker/non-smoker, pregnant/non-pregnant, and male/female.

Active Variable

  • Variables actively created and manipulated by researchers in experimental studies.

Writing an Introduction-Introduction Paragraph Mapping

  • A well-structured introduction includes a broad idea to introduce the general topic, to the point, and a concise thesis statement.

Rationale (or Introduction)

  • The rationale (or introduction) should pique the reader's interest, present background of the research problem, and show the researcher's interest. The part should mention authoritatively view and statistics.

Termnalologies

  • Components of a research problem include the problem statement, statement of purpose, research questions, and hypotheses.

Research Problem, Questions, and Hypotheses Critiques

  • Critiques need to assess whether problems, questions, and hypotheses are clearly communicated, have significance, and are compatible with chosen research methods.

Textbook

  • Essentials of Nursing Research by Polit and Beck (2018) is a relevant resource.

Next Topic

  • Reviewing related literature and undertaking clinical fieldwork are important steps after a problem statement.

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